1 / 17

Language Development

Language Development. How do we define language? A system of communication that is rule governed and creative and consists of an arbitrary system of symbols. What do infants have to figure out to learn language?. What do words mean? (reference problem)

devin-parks
Télécharger la présentation

Language Development

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Language Development How do we define language? A system of communication that is rule governed and creative and consists of an arbitrary system of symbols.

  2. What do infants have to figure out to learn language? • What do words mean? (reference problem) • How are words combined in a meaningful way? (problem of grammar) • How do I pronounce words? (speech problem) • Rules of communication (turn-taking, pragmatics)

  3. What sorts of things prepare infants for learning language? • Listen intently to human sounds and prefer sound of human voice at birth. • They produce speech-like sounds. • 2 months of age: cooing • 6 months of age babbling • Child-directed speech • Joint attention • Facilitative and directive

  4. What sorts of things prepare infants for learning language? • Social referencing • Turn-taking games • Pre-verbal gestures

  5. Development of Language • 2 months: vowel-like noises “ooo” “aaa” • 6 months: consonant-vowel combinations bababa, mamama • 7 months: babbling changes to speech-like sounds • 12 months: intonation patterns of speech appear.

  6. Infants’ first words • Nelson 65% of first words label things • Sensory motor: things I can act upon • Disappearance words • Success and failure words • NO!

  7. Infants’ first words • Underextensions and overextensions • Holophrases: do one word utterances reflect whole ideas or sentences?

  8. 2-word utterances • Vocabulary spurt- 18-24 months • 2-word utterances: • Indicate possession: Mommy shoe • Non-existence: all gone cookie • Vary the order of words to create new meaning: Chase Mommy, Mommy chase • Telegraphic speech

  9. 2-word utterances • Features of language: • Explicitness: combining two words creates a much better chance of being understood. • Ordering: demonstrates the beginning of a rudimentary grammar

  10. Grammar • Phonology: understand and produce speech sounds • Semantics: meaning of words and word combinations • Pragmatics: communicative side of language • Grammar: • Syntax: rules by which words are arranged in sentences • Morphology: use of grammatical markers that indicate number, tense, etc.

  11. 3-word sentences • Between 2-3 years of age, 3-word sentences appear. • Children begin to add grammatical morphemes to their speech. • Overregularization • Recasts and expansions

  12. Film • What is Pinker’s theory concerning language acquisition? • Why are the grammatical mistakes children make of interest to psycholinguists?

  13. Theories of Language Acquisition • Nativist theories: Chomsky; Pinker • Capacity to comprehend and produce language is innate. • Language acquisition device (LAD) in our genes.

  14. Support for Nativist View? • Language uniquely human. • Development appears universal • Learn language more quickly and easily from infancy to puberty? Snow & Hoefnagel-Hohle, 1978; Hakuta et al., 2003) • Accents hard to modify after puberty. • Recovery from brain injury:Lenneberg

  15. Mechanistic or Learning theories • Learn language through reinforcement, imitation, and modeling.

  16. Support for learning view? • Must be exposed to language to learn language. • Imitation clearly plays a role. • What would argue against reinforcement, imitation, and modeling?

  17. Functionalist or Interactionist Theories • Development of cognitive structures. • Social environment: language is a social process. • Jerome Bruner: formats • Language acquisition support system (LASS)

More Related