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Finish Building DNA Model!!!

Finish Building DNA Model!!!. Then…. Complete p. 6 and p. 8 in your packet to review Replication!! We will begin reviewing and starting Protein Synthesis (Concept 2) at 9:15!!. Protein Synthesis. The process that turns a unique gene sequence into a specific protein. T. T. A. U. U. U.

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Finish Building DNA Model!!!

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  1. Finish Building DNA Model!!! • Then…. • Complete p. 6 and p. 8 in your packet to review Replication!! • We will begin reviewing and starting Protein Synthesis (Concept 2) at 9:15!!

  2. Protein Synthesis The process that turns a unique gene sequence into a specific protein

  3. T T A U U U U U U G G C G G T T A C C RNA G C C A A T A A A A T A A T T Protein A C C G C C C C G C C G G C G G The Central Dogma of Genetics:DNA to RNA to Protein Protein Synthesis has two steps: Transcription and Translation

  4. Central Dogma • Central Dogma – describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins. • Replication– copies DNA • Transcription – converts DNA into RNA • Translation – interprets RNA into a string of amino acids (that make up a protein)

  5. Where does it take place?

  6. Three Essential Types of RNA • mRNA (messenger):copies instructions in DNA and carries these to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm • tRNA (transfer):carries amino acids to the ribosome and mRNA • rRNA (ribosomal):composes the ribosome

  7. Transcription:DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA *Think of scribes…the people hired to write copies. *Think of transcript…a copy of your grades. • Why go to the trouble of Transcription? • DNA cannot leave the nucleus (TOO BIG!), and proteins are made in the cytoplasm. • mRNA serves as a “messenger” and carries the protein building instructions to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

  8. T T A U U U U U U G G C G G T T A C C RNA G C C A A T A A A A T A A T T A C C G C C C C G C C G G C G G Transcription:DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA Chemical signal “turns on” a gene, and DNA unwinds with the help of an enzyme RNA polymerase pairs RNA nucleotides with their complementary base on one strand. The other strand “hangs out” mRNA peels away, leaves the nucleus, and travels to the cytoplasm

  9. Practice Transcribing the Following DNA into mRNA

  10. Practice Transcribing the Following DNA into mRNA

  11. Translation Vocabulary • Translation happens based on a “genetic code” • It is universal to all organisms • Works like a “language” translator taking RNA nucleotides into protein amino acids • Codons are three nucleotides on mRNA • One codon specifies one amino acid • Some are redundant (and code for the same amino acid)

  12. U U U Cys G C A A A A C C C G Translation Vocabulary Aminoacid --there are twenty unique tRNAs to carry each unique amino acid Codon: a set of three nucleotides on the mRNA Anticodon: “complementary” three nucleotides on tRNA tRNA (Transfer) mRNA (Messenger)

  13. The Genetic Code

  14. U U U U U Cys Cys Cys G G G G C Gln A A A A A Ser C C C G Gln Translation:Interpreting RNA message into protein 1. mRNA attaches to a ribosome (rRNA) 2. First matching tRNA binds to the mRNA start codon (AUG) 3. Next matching tRNA binds 4. A peptide bond is formed between the two amino acids 5. The “empty” tRNA falls off the mRNA 6. New tRNAs move in--each bringing their specific amino acids--continue the growing protein, and the empty tRNA falls off. Continues until a stop codon.

  15. Translation Summary • For each mRNA codon, there is a matching tRNA anticodon. • By matching the codon and anticodons, amino acids can be dropped off in a specific order. • The Result: a unique protein for each unique gene.

  16. Amino Acid tRNA ribosome mRNA codon

  17. Transcription and Translation

  18. http://www.cmbi.ru.nl/edu/VWO/4vwodag/gene3.swf

  19. Try this!

  20. AUG GGA CUC GAC CAG UAA Met - Gly - Leu - Asp - Gln - STOP

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