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The Human Cardiovascular System

The Human Cardiovascular System. * In preparation for a pig’s heart dissection. Cardiovascular/Circulatory System:. Principles Structures Two circuits Pulmonary Systemic Heart Details Other Details. CV System Function:. Circulate blood through entire body for

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The Human Cardiovascular System

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  1. The HumanCardiovascular System *In preparation for a pig’s heart dissection Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,Human Anatomy

  2. Cardiovascular/Circulatory System: • Principles • Structures • Two circuits • Pulmonary • Systemic • Heart Details • Other Details

  3. CV System Function: • Circulate blood through entire body for • Transport of oxygen to cells • Transport of CO2 away from cells • Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells • Movement of immune system components (cells, antibodies) • Transport of hormones

  4. How? • Heart is pump • Diffusion in capillaries Veins = Return Arteries = Away

  5. Overall Organization • Heart/Great Vessels--1 Route • Smaller arteries & veins --many routes -collateral circulation

  6. Walls of Arteries and Veins • Tunica externa • Outermost layer • Strengthens, Anchors • Tunica media • Middle layer • Vaso-constriction/dilation • Tunica intima • Innermost layer • Minimize friction • Lumen

  7. Artery/Vein Differences

  8. Capillaries • Microscopic: 1 cell thick • Network • Entire goal of C-V system is to get blood into capillaries where diffusion takes place

  9. GREAT VESSELS • Aorta • IVC, SVC • Pulmonary Trunk • Pulmonary Veins

  10. heartarteries arterioles   veinsvenules capillaries 2 Circulatory Paths Systemic • Pulmonary

  11. Heart Chambers and Valves Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,Human Anatomy

  12. Right Heart Chambers: Pulmonary Circuit • Right Atrium (forms most of posterior of heart) • Receives O2-poor blood from body via IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus • Right Ventricle • Receives O2-poor blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve • Pumps blood to lungs via Pulmonary Semilunar Valve in pulmonary trunk • Septum

  13. Left Heart Chambers: Systemic Circuit • Left Atrium • Receives O2-rich blood from 4 Pulmonary Veins • Left Ventricle (forms apex of heart) • Receives blood from Left Atrium via bicuspid valve • Pumps blood into aorta via Aortic Semilunar Valve to body

  14. Heart Valves: Lub*-Dub** • *Tricuspid Valve: Right AV valve • 3 Cusps (flaps) made of endocardium and CT • Cusps anchored in Rt. Ventricle by Chordae Tendinae • Chordae Tendinae prevent inversion of cusps into atrium • Flow of blood pushes cusps open • When ventricle in diastole (relaxed), cusps hang limp in ventricle • Ventricular contraction increases pressure and forces cusps closed • *Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve: Left AV valve • 2 cusps anchored in Lft. Ventricle by chordae tendinae • Functions same as Rt. AV valve • **Semilunar valves: prevents backflow in large arteries • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve: Rt Ventricle and Pulmonary Trunk • Aortic Semilunar Valve: Left Ventricle and Aorta • 3 cusps: blood rushes past they’re flattened, as it settles they’re pushed down (valve closed)

  15. Location of Heart in Thorax

  16. Heart Wall • Epicardium (most superficial) • – Visceral pleura • Myocardium (middle layer) • Cardiac muscle • Contracts • Endocardium (inner) • Lines the heart

  17. Blood supply to heart wall • Rt and Lft Coronary Arteries • Branch from Ascending Aorta • Have multiple branches along heart • Coronary Heart Disease • Cardiac Veins • Coronary Sinus (largest) • Many branches feed into sinus

  18. http://www.rmgh.net/wiki/images/4/4b/Coronary_arteries_and_cardiac_veins.gifhttp://www.rmgh.net/wiki/images/4/4b/Coronary_arteries_and_cardiac_veins.gif

  19. Chamber contraction/relaxation

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