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The Human Cardiovascular System

This comprehensive overview of the human cardiovascular system includes essential details on its anatomy, principles, and functions. Dr. Larry M. Frolich outlines the two primary circuits: the pulmonary and systemic systems, and provides insights into heart structure, chambers, and valves. The text delves into the organization of veins, arteries, and capillaries, explaining how blood circulates to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body. It also emphasizes the significance of cardiac function in maintaining overall health and discusses coronary blood supply.

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The Human Cardiovascular System

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  1. The HumanCardiovascular System *In preparation for a pig’s heart dissection Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,Human Anatomy

  2. Cardiovascular/Circulatory System: • Principles • Structures • Two circuits • Pulmonary • Systemic • Heart Details • Other Details

  3. CV System Function: • Circulate blood through entire body for • Transport of oxygen to cells • Transport of CO2 away from cells • Transport of nutrients (glucose) to cells • Movement of immune system components (cells, antibodies) • Transport of hormones

  4. How? • Heart is pump • Diffusion in capillaries Veins = Return Arteries = Away

  5. Overall Organization • Heart/Great Vessels--1 Route • Smaller arteries & veins --many routes -collateral circulation

  6. Walls of Arteries and Veins • Tunica externa • Outermost layer • Strengthens, Anchors • Tunica media • Middle layer • Vaso-constriction/dilation • Tunica intima • Innermost layer • Minimize friction • Lumen

  7. Artery/Vein Differences

  8. Capillaries • Microscopic: 1 cell thick • Network • Entire goal of C-V system is to get blood into capillaries where diffusion takes place

  9. GREAT VESSELS • Aorta • IVC, SVC • Pulmonary Trunk • Pulmonary Veins

  10. heartarteries arterioles   veinsvenules capillaries 2 Circulatory Paths Systemic • Pulmonary

  11. Heart Chambers and Valves Larry M. Frolich, Ph.D.,Human Anatomy

  12. Right Heart Chambers: Pulmonary Circuit • Right Atrium (forms most of posterior of heart) • Receives O2-poor blood from body via IVC, SVC, Coronary sinus • Right Ventricle • Receives O2-poor blood from right atrium through tricuspid valve • Pumps blood to lungs via Pulmonary Semilunar Valve in pulmonary trunk • Septum

  13. Left Heart Chambers: Systemic Circuit • Left Atrium • Receives O2-rich blood from 4 Pulmonary Veins • Left Ventricle (forms apex of heart) • Receives blood from Left Atrium via bicuspid valve • Pumps blood into aorta via Aortic Semilunar Valve to body

  14. Heart Valves: Lub*-Dub** • *Tricuspid Valve: Right AV valve • 3 Cusps (flaps) made of endocardium and CT • Cusps anchored in Rt. Ventricle by Chordae Tendinae • Chordae Tendinae prevent inversion of cusps into atrium • Flow of blood pushes cusps open • When ventricle in diastole (relaxed), cusps hang limp in ventricle • Ventricular contraction increases pressure and forces cusps closed • *Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve: Left AV valve • 2 cusps anchored in Lft. Ventricle by chordae tendinae • Functions same as Rt. AV valve • **Semilunar valves: prevents backflow in large arteries • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve: Rt Ventricle and Pulmonary Trunk • Aortic Semilunar Valve: Left Ventricle and Aorta • 3 cusps: blood rushes past they’re flattened, as it settles they’re pushed down (valve closed)

  15. Location of Heart in Thorax

  16. Heart Wall • Epicardium (most superficial) • – Visceral pleura • Myocardium (middle layer) • Cardiac muscle • Contracts • Endocardium (inner) • Lines the heart

  17. Blood supply to heart wall • Rt and Lft Coronary Arteries • Branch from Ascending Aorta • Have multiple branches along heart • Coronary Heart Disease • Cardiac Veins • Coronary Sinus (largest) • Many branches feed into sinus

  18. http://www.rmgh.net/wiki/images/4/4b/Coronary_arteries_and_cardiac_veins.gifhttp://www.rmgh.net/wiki/images/4/4b/Coronary_arteries_and_cardiac_veins.gif

  19. Chamber contraction/relaxation

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