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SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

Pages 384-398. SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS. What is cartilage and give an example of where it can be found in the body? TOUGH SUPPORTIVE TISSUE NOSE , EAR, RIBS, PELVIS, IN BETWEEN JOINTS The hardening of cartilage to bone is called OSSIFICATION .

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SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

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  1. Pages 384-398 SKELETAL & MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

  2. What is cartilage and give an example of where it can be found in the body? TOUGH SUPPORTIVE TISSUE NOSE, EAR, RIBS, PELVIS, IN BETWEEN JOINTS The hardening of cartilage to bone is called OSSIFICATION. As you get older, your bones get thinner and weaker. This is known as OSTEOPOROSIS. A point at which two bones come together is know as a JOINT.

  3. HINGE – permit movement forward & backward (KNEE, ELBOW, FINGERS, TOES) BALL & SOCKET – allows movement in all directions (SHOULDER & HIP) PIVOT – allow some bones to move side to side and up & down found in the neck (ATLAS & AXIS) GLIDING/ELLIPSOIDAL – bones slide over one another (WRIST has 8 bones & ANKLE has 7 bones) SUTURE – two or more bones that form together to create an immovable joint. (SKULL, STERNUM, SACRUM & COCCYX) TYPES OF JOINTS

  4. 639 total muscles of the human body see page 396

  5. VOLUNTARY YOU CONTROL - requires thought INVOLUNTARY YOU DO NOT CONTROL – AUTOMATIC– • may be overridden by thought such as breathing or blinking Voluntary versus Involuntary Muscle

  6. SKELETAL – striated muscle tissue causing body movement VOLUNTARY CONNECTED TO BONE BY TENDON SMOOTH– INVOLUNTARY CONTROLS MOVEMENTS INSIDE THE BODY SUCH AS BREATHING, DIGESTION, & BLOOD VESSELS CARDIAC– striated muscle tissue forming wall of heart INVOLUNTARY STRONGEST MUSCLE IN THE BODY MUSCLE TISSUES

  7. What are tendons? What 2 structures do tendons connect? TISSUES THAT CONNECT MUSCLE TO BONE SO THAT THE MUSCLE CAN MOVE THE BONE What are ligaments? What structures do ligaments connect? TISSUES THAT CONNECT BONE TO BONE TO HOLD A JOINT IN PLACE Connective Tissues

  8. How do muscles control movement of the body parts? CONTRACTION & RELAXATION OF MUSCLE GROUPS CAUSING AN EXTENSION (opens joint) OR FLEXION (closes joint) What are the 2 main methods to keeping your skeletal and muscular systems healthy? EAT WELL & EXERCISE

  9. 206 bones in the skeletal system (normal) Main functions of the skeletal system are: shape/structure/support protection of internal organs Structure of bones 1. starts out as cartilage – tough supportive tissue 2. calcium & phosphorous added to cartilage so it hardens into bone between ages 20-25 (this is called ossification) 3. osteoporosis– bones become thinner & weaker Other notes

  10. Axialskeleton (center/torso) skull vertebrae ribs (true, false, floating) sternum Appendicularskeleton (appendages/extension from torso) shoulders (clavicle, scapula, head of humerus) arms & hands hips (pelvis) legs and feet Main sections of skeletal system

  11. Fracture– crack or break in bone • hairline – no separation in bone • transverse – bone is completely broken through • comminuted – shattered into more than 2 pieces • closed – bone does not pierce skin • open – bone pierces skin Dislocation – ligaments around a joint are severely stretched or torn and bone pops out of joint Disorders of Skeletal & Muscular systems

  12. Scoliosis– spine develops a curvature to one side usually during childhood Strain– tear through all of the muscle and/or tendon Sprain– over stretched or torn ligament Shin splints – tears in the tissue covering the tibia that connect to the muscle Disorders of Skeletal & Muscular systems (continued)

  13. Bursitis – inflammation of fluid-filled sac called a bursa - A bursa reduces friction between movable parts. Bunion – painful swelling of a bursa in first joint of the big toe Arthritis – inflammation of a joint osteoarthritis – wear & tear of joints Disorders of Skeletal & Muscular systems (continued)

  14. Bruise – discolored skin after injury due to ruptured blood vessels Tendonitis – inflammation of a tendon Hernia – organ tissue protrudes through area of a weak muscle Muscular Dystrophy – inherited (genetic) disorder in which skeletal muscle fibers are progressively destroyed Disorders of Skeletal & Muscular systems (continued)

  15. long – humerus, femur, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula short – metacarpals, metatarsals flat – ribs, skull irregular – scapula, carpals, tarsals, vertebrae, pelvis Bone Shapes

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