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Economic Reforms and Political Reforms: Can They be Separated?

This article explores whether a country can make economic reforms without making political reforms, discussing the impact of the communist takeover in China.

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Economic Reforms and Political Reforms: Can They be Separated?

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Is it possible for a country to make economic reforms without making political reforms? Why?/Why not?

  2. Aim: What was the result of the communist takeover in China?

  3. Wow, its MAO!!!!

  4. Who is this man they call MAO?????????? *Born on 26 December 1893 in the south of China. His family was many prosperous peasant farmers. *Mao lived with his mother's family in a neighboring village until he was eight. He then returned to Shaoshan to begin his education. When he was 10 he ran away from school. Following his expulsion from at least three other schools, his father refused to continue to pay for his education.

  5. At age 16, and against his father's wishes, he left Shaoshan and enrolled in a nearby higher primary school. It is during this period that his political consciousness begins to develop……….UH OH!

  6. Mao Zedong • A revolution to remove “3 big mountains” • imperialism • feudalism • captialism • A “United Front” of … • workers • peasants

  7. (1949-1950): 1. In 1949, Mao Zedong and the People's Liberation Army lead the Communists to victory in a civil war against Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists. 2. The "loss" of China is a devastating blow to the United States. 3. In need of military and economic aid, Mao seeks Stalin's help. 4. In February 1950, the Chinese and the Soviet Union sign a mutual defense treaty that also guarantees aid for China.

  8. Land Reforms 1. Land is taken from private owners and handed to the peasants. 2. The former landowners are denounced and humiliated. 3. The state controls all “means of production”.

  9. Mao’s Plans for China (1958): 1. Mao creates the Great Leap Forward 2. This is a five year economic plan where farming is collectivized and heavy industry is forcefully encouraged (communes) 3. The Leap fails after two years and poor harvests cause millions of death.

  10. In 1958, Mao launches the Great Leap Forward. The entire country reverts to pre-industrial backyard furnaces. While the Chinese people work day and night to produce massive amounts of metal, crops are left to rot and scientific knowledge is ignored. Millions of Chinese starve to death during the Great Leap Forward, making it one of the worst man-made disasters in history.

  11. In advance of the Leap, the Communist Party poured out extravagant promises of wealth. Terrified of being punished if they appeared to question Mao's policy, officials across China announced ridiculously high targets for the 1959 harvest. When the actual crop came nowhere near the goal, they simply made up false figures, often exaggerating the real harvest by three or four times.

  12. As starvation began-to set in, anyone who tried to tell the truth was accused as an enemy of the party. In a "climate of megalomania, make-believe, lies and brutality," officials from Mao responded to the spreading famine by pretending it didn't exist. In one county, officials seeking to hide the death toll in the countryside issued regulations forbidding "crying and wailing" and traditional mourning clothes, and ordered peasants to plant crops over fresh graves.

  13. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1L6aTHtZF00 37 mins.

  14. Cultural Revolution: a movement from 1966-1976 when the RED GUARD in China tried to destroy the "FOUR OLDS"--old customs, old culture, old habits and old ideas."

  15. Great Proletarian (Workers) Cultural Revolution 1. Goal: To purge China’s “bourgeois” of non revolutionary tendencies 2. Red Guard young teens who attacked counterrevolutionaries 3. Red Guard were sent to work in communes, several villages.

  16. Mao's personality cult proved vital in starting the Cultural Revolution. China's youth had generally been raised during the Communist era, which had taught them to idolize Mao. The youth also did not remember the immense starvation and suffering caused by Mao's Great Leap Forward, and their thoughts of Mao were generally positive. Thus, they were his greatest supporters. Their feelings for him were of such strength that many followed his urge to challenge all authority.

  17. Little Red Book

  18. In October 1966, Mao's Little Red Book was published. Party members were encouraged to carry a copy with them and having it was almost mandatory for membership. Over the years, Mao's image became displayed almost everywhere, present in homes, offices and shops. His quotations were emphasized by putting them in boldface or red type in even the most obscure writings. Music from the period emphasized Mao's stature, as did children's rhymes. The phrase "Long Live Chairman Mao for ten thousand years" was commonly heard during the era, which was traditionally a phrase reserved for the reigning Emperor.

  19. Cold War and China 1. U.S. supported Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaï-Shek) (nationalist) when he fled to Taiwan. 2. U.S. refused to acknowledge the People’s Republic of China or Red China

  20. 3. U.S. tried to contain and isolate communist China. They did not want communism to spread across Asia.

  21. The New Religion--Mao

  22. Split with Soviet Union • Stalin gave economic aid in 1950 • Stalin and Mao had different Ideologies • Mao adapted Marxism (peasant will make the revolution) • Mao believed the Soviets were too conservative and too willing to coexist with capitalist powers

  23. Stalin and Mao=BFF! NO MORE!

  24. 1971 China won admission into the United Nations. President Nixon went to China to meet Mao to improve relations

  25. Nixon and Mao Ping-Pong paddlesIn the early 1970s, President Richard Nixon slowly moved toward opening full diplomatic relations with Mao Tse-tung's People's Republic of China. He arranged a series of table-tennis matches, known as "Ping-Pong diplomacy," between American and Chinese players. Eventually Nixon traveled to China. These souvenir paddles, with images of Nixon and Mao, reflect the importance and visibility of the matches.

  26. Let’s check out a clip about ping pong diplomacy!!!!!!

  27. China After Mao • Mao died in 1976 • Deng Xiaoping was a reformer • His economic program was called the Four Modernizations • It emphasized agriculture, industry, science and defense

  28. Four Modernizations • Allowed some private ownership of property and free market policies. • Peasant families were allotted plots of land: NO MORE COMMUNES • Gov’t did take their share but the rest the family could sell • People were allowed to start their own business if they chose.

  29. Tiananmen Square--1989 • People protest in Tiananmen Square for more political freedom • When they refused to leave, the gov’t dispersed tanks and sent in the troops. • Thousands of demonstrators were killed or wounded some were arrested, tortured and some put to death

  30. Since 1949 China’s population has doubled to 1.2 billion The population increase strained the economy 1980 gov’t instituted a one child per family policy

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