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World War I: Causes, Events, and Impact

This text explores the causes of World War I, including the formation of alliances and competition for lands abroad. It delves into the events of the war, from the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand to the trench warfare on the Western Front. It also highlights the impact of the war on economies, governments, and the women's movement.

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World War I: Causes, Events, and Impact

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  1. Chapter 14, Section 1,2

  2. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed the Triple Alliance in 1882. France, Great Britain, and Russia created the Triple Entente in 1907. Each European nation was guided by its own self-interests and success. The competition for lands abroad, especially in Africa, led to conflict.

  3. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Czar Nicholas II ordered mobilization of the Russian army against Austria-Hungary. Germany declared war on Russia. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Hapsburg throne of Austria-Hungary, was shot and killed by Serbian terrorist Gavrilo Princip.

  4. There was more mobility on the Eastern Front, as Russia was beaten by the German army… but beat the Austrians in Galicia. The Western Front in WWI was bogged down in trench warfare (and remained so for four years).

  5. War of Attrition: a war based on wearing down the other side with constant attacks and heavy losses, such as World War I.

  6. In 1916 and 1917, millions of young men died in the search for the elusive breakthrough. Trench warfare baffled military leaders who had been trained to fight wars of movement and maneuver.

  7. Planes were first used to spot the enemy's position, and then began to attack ground targets, especially enemy communications. The Germans also used zeppelins to bomb London and eastern England.

  8. Germany stopped in response to US protests, but a return to unrestricted submarine warfare brought the United States into the war in April 1917. The United States tried to remain neutral. . German set up a blockade of Britain and enforced it with the use of unrestricted submarine warfare, including the sinking of passenger liners.

  9. During WWI, nations drafted tens of millions of men to fight. Free-market capitalistic systems were temporarily put aside. Governments set up price, wage, and rent controls through planned economies.

  10. Democratic states expanded their police powers to stop internal dissent. Wartime governments made active use of propaganda to increase enthusiasm for the war. Authoritarian regimes, such as those of Germany, Russia, and Austria- Hungary, relied on force to subdue their populations.

  11. The role women played in wartime economies had a positive impact on the women's movement for social and political emancipation. Women gained the right to vote in Germany, Austria, and the United States.

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