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Understanding Energy Units: The Basics of Calories, Nutrients, and Dietary Standards

This chapter delves into the fundamental concepts of energy units, specifically calories and kilocalories, and their critical role in nutrition. It outlines the functions of essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, highlighting their contributions to growth, metabolism, and overall health. It also discusses dietary reference intakes (DRI), including estimated average requirements (EAR) and recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Additionally, it offers insights into food labeling, empowering consumers to better understand dietary choices for improved health.

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Understanding Energy Units: The Basics of Calories, Nutrients, and Dietary Standards

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1. General Principles

  2. Energy Units • calorie - basic unit of heat • kilocalorie - 1000 calories • Calorie - same as kilocalorie

  3. Function of Food • Growth and development • Energy • Carbohydrates • Fats • Protein • Regulation of metabolism • Vitamins • Minerals • Proteins

  4. Nutrients • Caloric Nutrients • Carbohydrates: 4 kilocalories/gram • Fats: 9 kilocalories/gram • Proteins: 4 kilocalories/gram • (Alcohol: 7 kilocalories/gram) • Non-Caloric Nutrients • Vitamins • Minerals • Water

  5. Essential Nutrients • Required for normal growth, health, survival. • Not synthesized in the body at levels required for normal growth, health, survival. • Must be consumed in diet.

  6. Nutrient Requirement Standards • Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) • Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) • Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) • EAR ± 2 SD • Adequate Intake (AI) • Tolerable Upper Intake (UL)

  7. Factors Affecting Nutrient Standards • Country • Gender\ • lactation • Age

  8. Food Label with Daily Values. 1) Better by Design How to recognize the new food labels. 2) Size Up the Situation All serving sizes are created equal. 5) Trust Adjectives Descriptions have legal definitions. • GOOD SOURCE OF FIBER • LOWFAT 4) Rate It Right Scan the % Daily Values. 6) Read Health Claims with Confidence The nutrient link to disease prevention. Many factors affect cancer risk. Eating a diet low in fat and high in fiber may lower risk of this disease. 3) Look Before You Leap Use the Daily Values.

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