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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties, Naming Guidelines, and Examples

Acids and bases have distinct properties that define their behavior and applications. Acids typically taste sour, feel itchy on the skin if concentrated, and turn blue litmus paper red. Bases, on the other hand, taste bitter, feel slippery, and turn red litmus paper blue. Understanding how to name acids is essential, with binary acids named using "hydro" plus the second element and ternary acids named based on their oxygen content. This guide covers the fundamental properties and naming conventions for acids and bases to enhance your chemistry knowledge.

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Understanding Acids and Bases: Properties, Naming Guidelines, and Examples

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  1. Acids & Bases Their Properties Naming Guidelines

  2. Properties of Acids • Taste sour • Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated • Turns Blue litmus paper Red • Red litmus paper stays Red Neutralization: Acid + Base  Salt + Water Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

  3. Properties of Bases • Taste Bitter • Feel Slippery • Turns Red litmus paper Blue • Blue litmus paper stays Blue • Reacts with Acid in same neutralization Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

  4. Naming Acids Binary Acids: • Contain “H” and one other element To Name: Hydro + second element name + ic + Acid Ex: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic Acid Hydrochloric Acid HF = Hydroflouric Acid

  5. Naming Acids (cont.) Ternary Acids: • Contain “H”, “O” and one more element To Name: 3rd element name + ic + Acid Ex: HNO3 =Nitrogen – ogen + ic + Acid Nitric Acid HClO3 = Chloric Acid

  6. Naming Acids (cont.) • If the Acid has one more Oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: Per + 3rd element + ic + Acid Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitrogen – ogen + ic + Acid Pernitric Acid H2SO5 = Persulfuric Acid

  7. Naming Acids (cont.) • If the Acid has one less Oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: 3rd element + ous + Acid Ex: HNO2 = Nitrogen – ogen + ous + Acid Nitrous Acid H2SO3 = Sulfurous Acid

  8. Naming Acids (cont.) • If the Acid has two less Oxygens than the base acid, the naming goes as followed: To Name: Hypo +3rd element + ous + Acid Ex: HClO = Hypo +chlorine –ine + ous + Acid Hypochlorous Acid HNO = Hyponitrous Acid

  9. Naming Bases • Name the metal first • Add Hydroxide Ex: NaOH = Sodium Hydroxide KOH = Potassium Hydroxide

  10. Practicing Naming Acids & Bases

  11. Practice Naming Acids & Bases

  12. Naming Various Acid Forms

  13. Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.)

  14. Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.)

  15. Naming Various Acid Forms (cont.)

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