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Periodic Table of the Elements

Periodic Table of the Elements. 18. Groups. 13. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 3. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 4. Periods. 5. 6. 7. Actinides Lanthanides. 1. 1. 2. 2. Groups. Periods. Oxidation States (Charges). Not Predictable. Notes:

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Periodic Table of the Elements

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  1. Periodic Table of the Elements 18 Groups 13 13 14 15 16 17 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 Periods 5 6 7 Actinides Lanthanides 1 1 2 2 Groups Periods

  2. Oxidation States (Charges) Not Predictable Notes: The Oxidation State tells us what an atom will do in order to fill its valence electron level. Ex. +1 means that an atom will LOSE 1 electron in order to be Happy. -3 means that an element will GAIN 3 electrons to be happy. 0 +1 ±4 -3 -2 -1 +2 +3 Reactions Between Groups: When elements react they like to balance out (+1 will react with -1 etc..). 0 charge means that elements in Group 18 DO NOT LIKE TO REACT!!!!!

  3. Group Names of Periodic Table 1 18 Noble Gases 2 17 Halogens/Halides Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals

  4. Types of Elements Metals: Elements that are shiny and conduct heat and electricity well, The Stairstep: Represents the dividing line between Metals and Nonmetals. Metalloids: Elements that have properties similar to metals and nonmetals Nonmetals: Elements that are dull, brittle, or Gases. Do not conduct heat or electricity well. The Stairstep: Represents the dividing line between Metals and Nonmetals.

  5. Similar Chemical Characteristics Notes: Whenever they ask, “which element has similar characteristics,” you will look for the element that is in the SAME GROUP!

  6. 14 Si 28.086 Silicon Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Mass Name Periodic Table Box Info. Atomic number is also PROTON number. TAKS will also use it as ELECTRON number Each Element has its own unique symbol. A capital letter always starts a new element.

  7. Law of Conservation of Mass Rule #1 Rule #1: Balancing Equations All elements must have the same number in the reactants and products. Rule #2: Mass of Products MUST Equal Mass of Reactants When the mass of the reactants is added up, it must be equal to the mass of the products added up. Example 2Na + 1Cl2 2NaCl 28g Na react with 30g Cl2 to produce ____g NaCl. 2Na 2Na 2Cl 2Cl Reactants Products 30g = 58g 28g + Rule #2 58

  8. X X Balancing Equations Method One: Balance and find the answer 3 2 1 6 Reactants Products X 3 x 3 1 3 Ca 2 x 6 3 1 6 x 6 K O 2 x 1 2 (PO4) 2 6 1 6 x 6 (C2H3O2) 3 x 2

  9. Reactants Products C O 1 2 Balancing Equations Method Two: Eliminate X 3 4 X 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 4

  10. Density D= ass olume

  11. Density of Three Liquids 50g 50ml Density= ____g/ml 150g 100ml Density= ____g/ml 30g 25ml Density= ____g/ml 1.0 1.5 1.2 If we pour these three liquids together, where will they be? Top: Middle: Bottom: Least Dense Most Dense

  12. Viscosity High Viscosity Low Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s ability to flow. Do not confuse it with Density.

  13. Physical vs. Chemical Change Physical Change – A change that does not result in a new chemical. Chemical Change – A change that does result in a new chemical. What type of change is this? Chemical Physical

  14. 11. 21. 22. 12. 23. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15. 6. 16. 7. 17. 8. 18. 9. 19. 20. 10. Answers to worksheet 1. Physical Physical Chemical Chemical Chemical Chemical 2. Physical 3. Physical Chemical Physical Physical Physical Chemical Chemical Chemical Physical Freezes baked Physical shattered ignited Physical Chemical mix corroding Physical Chemical boil ripen melting Physical Physical rusting dissolving decomposition Physical Physical evaporating tarnishing heating Acid rain Chemical reaction erosion thermal expansion

  15. El Oso Polar Muerto H H O The Molecular arrangement of a water molecule Hydrogen Positive charge near Hydrogens Oxygen Negative charge near Oxygen

  16. Water is special… 1.00 • The density of water is __________g/ml • When water freezes, its density __________________. This allows aquatic life • to __________________ in a frozen lake. • 3. Water is unique because of its ________________________________ • 4. Water can dissolve many substances because it is ________________________ • 5. Water has a very high specific heat. Water will heat up ___________ and cool • down ____________ compared to other substances. decreases Survive Molecular Arrangement Polar slowly slowly

  17. Solubility Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve. Three factors affect solubility. • Surface area- The more surface area a solute has the faster it will dissolve. Sugar cube dissolves slowly while powdered sugar will dissolve quickly. • Agitation- Solids: The more you agitate (stir or shake) a solution, the quicker the solute will dissolve. Gases: More shake, less dissolve. • Temperature- Solids: The higher the temperature of solvent, the more the solute will dissolve. Gases: More temperature, less dissolve.

  18. Acids and Bases cid ase 14 1 The pH Scale Turns Litmus RED Turns Litmus BLUE A B Neutral 7 GETS STRONGER GETS STRONGER When an Acid Reacts with a Base, they NEUTRALIZE each other.

  19. Ionic Compound Formation Na+1 O-2 Na O 2 1 1 is understood so drop it.

  20. Ionic Compound Formation Al+3 SO4-2 Al (SO4) SO4 2 3 Since we need 3 SO4’s we add parentheses around SO4 and put the 3 outside.

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