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Periodic Table of the Elements:

Periodic Table of the Elements:. Chemistry Notes November 13 th , 2008. Somebody had spare time:. Who? Dmitri Mendeleev (1870) arranged the 65 elements (known at the time) in order of increasing atomic mass. Mendeleev’s Discovery.

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Periodic Table of the Elements:

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  1. Periodic Table of the Elements: Chemistry Notes November 13th, 2008

  2. Somebody had spare time: • Who? Dmitri Mendeleev (1870) arranged the 65 elements (known at the time) in order of increasing atomic mass.

  3. Mendeleev’s Discovery • Periodic Law: When arranged by atomic mass, the elements exhibit a periodic recurrence of similar properties.

  4. Organized? Really? • The periodic table is arranged in groups (up & down) • and periods (across).

  5. Periodic Patterns in Main Group Elements: • Okay, so the first one isn’t a “periodic” pattern… • Hydrogen: • The simplest element • Free hydrogen is rare, most is bonded to O in H2O • Because of it’s size, H’s behavior is unique • Please color (neatly) Hydrogen white. 

  6. Group IA: Alkali Metals • Soft metals • Low mp (for metals) • Reactive (increasing as you move down the family) • Will react in water to form a 1:1 ratio of metal ion to hydroxide ion (OH-) • Please nicely color these blue

  7. Group IIA: Alkaline Earth Metals • Hard metals • High mp • Low reactivity at room temp. • Reacts with water to form a 1:2 ratio of metal ion to hydroxide ion. • Please color (again neatly) these green

  8. Group VIIIA: Noble Gases • Non-metal…all gases. • Extremely low mp & bp…thus, they’re gases • Non-reactive (inert) • Please neatly color the Noble Gases red

  9. Group VIIA: Halogens • Non-metals • Very low mp & bp • Extremely reactive (reactivity decreases as you move DOWN the group). • Will react with alkali metals in a 1:1 ratio. • Please color the halogens yellow

  10. Nonmetal vs. Metal • There is a ‘staircase’ division between metals and nonmetals. • It starts between B and Al • And zig-zags down to the border between Po & At. (over-1 down-1, over-1 down-1) • Some along this line are called metalloids. (I’ll talk about them later) • Please outline this line in black.

  11. Transition Metals • Will all form positive ions • Conduct electricity and heat VERY well • Are malleable (can be hammered into sheets) • Are ductile (can be drawn out into wires) • Please color the transition metals purple (from Sc to Ga, Y to Sn, and La to Bi)

  12. Metalloids • The elements along the ‘zig-zag’ line that separate metals from non-metals are known as metalloids or semimetals. • They share properties with both metals and non-metals. • This would include the following: Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, and Po • Please color them in orange.

  13. Make Room For More • At the bottom of every periodic table are two rows of “Inner Transition Metals” • The Lanthanide & Actinide Series’ • Please color these brown.

  14. You know about metals… • Nonmetals are exactly the opposite from metals. • They are GOOD insulators (don’t conduct heat or electricity) • They are brittle (hammer them and they’ll break) • Most form negative ions (but some, like carbon, are weird). 

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