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Basics of Computer Systems and Usage

Learn about computer hardware and software components, functions, and usage in society. Understand input, processing, output, and storage, and explore computer networks and the Internet. Discover how computers are used across various areas.

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Basics of Computer Systems and Usage

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  1. Welcome to CMPE003Personal Computers: Hardware and Software Dr. Chane Fullmer Fall 2002 UC Santa Cruz

  2. First Assignment • Details on the class web page: • http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Fall02/ • Due Friday September 27, 2002 • Must be received by 11:59 PM

  3. 1st HomeworkDue September 27, 2002 • NOTE: • This homework must be completed successfully to continue in this class • If this homework is not received by the due date, you will be dropped from the class • No adds will be allowed after this due date (assuming there is any room) • Did you turn it in before 6AM today  ! If so.. Do it again…

  4. Computers: Tools for an Information Age Chapter 1 Part b

  5. Chapter Objectives • Identify the basic components of a computer system: • input, processing, output, and storage (IPOS) • List some common input, output, and storage media • Distinguish raw data from information • Describe the significance of computer networks • Explain the significance of the Internet • Explain the various classifications of computers • Describe the three fundamental characteristics of computers • Speed, reliability & storage • Describe at least four areas of society in which computers are used

  6. Computer System People Software Hardware

  7. People • Computer programmer – • person who writes programs • Users or End-users – • make use of the computer’s capabilities

  8. Software • Programs • Set of instructions that directs the hardware to do a required task and produce the desired results

  9. Hardware – Basic Components of a Computer

  10. Computer • A machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it away (in secondary storage device) for safekeeping or later reuse • Processing is directed by software but performed by the hardware

  11. Function of Computer System Data handling I Input P Process O Output S Storage

  12. Input devices • Accept data or commands and convert them to electronic form (raw data) • Getting data into the computer • Typing on a keyboard • Pointing with a mouse • Scanning with a wand reader or bar-code reader • Terminal • Microphone • Camera

  13. Monitor or screen Text Numbers Symbols Art Photographs Video Printer Black and white Color Output devices • Convert from electronic form to some other form • May display the processed results • Usable information Speakers • Music

  14. The Processor Central Processing Unit (CPU) • Converts raw data to useful information • Interprets and executes instructions • Communicates with input, output and storage devices

  15. Two Types of Storage • Primary storage or memory -- temporary storage • Secondary storage -- long-term storage

  16. Memory / Primary Storage • Temporary storage • Holds input to be processed • Holds results of processing • Contains the programs to control the computer and manipulate input into output • Volatile • When you loose/turn-off power, it’s gone

  17. Secondary Storage • Long-term storage • Non-volatile • Caveat -- “Bit rot” • Data can be lost or changed over time

  18. Secondary Storage Examples • Magnetic disks – read and written by magnetic disk drive • Hard disk • Diskette • Optical disks – read and written by optical disk drives • CD-ROM • DVD-ROM • Magnetic tape – read and written by magnetic tape drives • Primarily used for back-up

  19. Computer Systems • Computer • CPU • Memory • Peripheral equipment • Connected to the computer by a cable • Input, output, storage

  20. Network • Definition • A system that uses communication equipment to connect computers and their resources. • Types • Local area network (LAN) – connects computers in close proximity • Metropolitan are network (MAN) – connect computers between buildings in the same geographic area • Wide are network (WAN) – connects computers over great distances

  21. Home Connectivity • Connect home PC to other computers • (Usually via an ISP) • Use modem to convert signals between electronic (computer) and analog (voice) formats • Dial-up modem • ADSL modem • Cable modem

  22. Internet • Collection of networks • No ownership • No central source for services available • No comprehensive index of what information is available Connects Everyone! • Individuals • Businesses • Organizations • Libraries • Research labs • Government

  23. Getting Connected • User’s computer must connect to a server • Server must communicate using TCP/IP • The user can purchase access to a server from an ISP (Internet Service Provider)

  24. Internet – What Can You Do? • WWW – World Wide Web • FTP – File Transfer Protocol • E-mail • UseNet – news groups • IRC – Internet Relay Chat • Bulletin Boards

  25. World Wide Web • Browser – program that allows the user to move around and explore the Internet • Use the mouse to point and click on text and graphics • Terminology: • Web site • Home page • Web page

  26. Classifications of Computers • Use the computer that fits your needs • Based upon • Size • Speed • Cost • Portability • Number of simultaneous users supported • Available software • Typical use

  27. Personal Computers • Other names • PC • Microcomputer • Home computer • Categories • Low-end functional • Fully powered • Workstations • Net computer or net box (Web TV) • Desktop Models • Separate CPU tower, monitor and keyboard

  28. Portable Computers • Notebooks • Lightweight • Fits in a briefcase • Battery operated • Laptops • Larger • Heavier • More expensive than desktop models

  29. Handheld Computers • Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) • Scheduling • Addresses • Handwritten input • May offer wireless e-mail and fax • Pocket PC • More power than PDA • Runs basic productivity software

  30. Other Types of Computers Mainframes • High speed • More expensive • Used to process large amounts of data quickly • Transaction processing • Support multiple users • Does server tasks Supercomputers • Fastest speed • Most expensive

  31. Have a Nice Day!

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