domani
Uploaded by
12 SLIDES
269 VUES
130LIKES

Understanding Measurement Scales in Research: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio

DESCRIPTION

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the four fundamental scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. It explains their characteristics, including their categorical or quantitative properties, and how they relate to data analysis in research investigations. The discussion extends to methods for analyzing research results, including comparing group percentages, correlating scores, and comparing means. It also covers descriptive statistics, focusing on central tendency measures (mean, median, mode) and variability (standard deviation, range, variance), helping to clarify how data can be represented and interpreted effectively.

1 / 12

Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Measurement Scales in Research: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and Ratio

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. UNDERSTANDING DESCRIPTION AND CORRELATION

  2. SCALES OF MEASUREMENT: A REVIEW • Nominal • No numerical, quantitative properties • Levels represent different categories or groups • Ordinal – minimal quantitative distinctions • Order the levels from lowest to highest • Interval – quantitative properties • Intervals between levels are equal in size • Can be summarized using means • No absolute zero • Ratio – detailed quantitative properties • Equal intervals • Absolute zero • Can be summarized using mean

  3. ANALYZING THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS • Three basic ways of describing the results: 1. Comparing Group Percentage 2. Correlating Individual Scores 3. Comparing Group Means

  4. ANALYZING THE RESULTS OF RESEARCH INVESTIGATIONS • Comparing Group Means Treatment group Waitlist group 4 7 3 8 6 5 2 6 5 9 . S= 20 S= 35 M= 4 M= 7

  5. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS • Graphing Frequency Distributions • Pie charts • Bar graphs • Frequency polygons • Histograms

  6. PIE CHART

  7. BAR GRAPH

  8. FREQUENCY POLYGONS

  9. Histogram 5 4 Model group Frequency 3 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 Scores on Aggressive Measure

  10. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS • Central Tendency • Mean (X) • Found by adding all the scores and dividing by the number of scores • Indicates central tendency with interval or ratio scales • Median (Mdn) • Score that divides the group in half (with 50% scoring below and 50% scoring above the median) • Indicates central tendency with ordinal, interval, and ratio scales • Mode • Most frequent score • Indicates central tendency with all scales including nominal scales

  11. MEAN

  12. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS • Variability – the amount of spread in the distribution of scores • Standard deviation = (s) (SD) in reports • Square root of the variance • Range • Difference between highest and lowest score • Variance (s²)

More Related