The Roman World

1. CHAPTER 7 The Roman World Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Section 5: The Rise of Christianity Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire

2. Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic Objectives: • Identify the role geography played in Italy’s and Rome’s development. • Describe the form of government of the Roman Republic. • Explain the Conflict of the Orders and how it changed the early Roman Republic. • Compare and contrast the roles of citizens and noncitizens as Rome expanded its power.

3. Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Land: Its Geography and Importance • Protected by mountains, but separated from rest of Europe • Helped to control Mediterranean • Overland travel was easy, but vulnerable to enemy attacks

4. Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic Rome and the Beginning of an Empire • The founding of Rome • A strategic location – protected from invasion by sea, center of trade routes

5. Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Early Roman Republic • Senate – most influential and powerful body of the government • Magistrates – elected officials • Assemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts

6. Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Conflict of the Orders • Patricians – wealthy landowners • Plebeians – farmers and workers

7. Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Republic Grows • The role of the Roman army – well-trained, strict discipline

8. Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The role of wise policies • Conquered peoples were granted limited rights

9. Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders Objectives: • Discuss the Punic Wars and how Rome gained control over Carthage. • Explain how expansion changed the Roman Republic.

10. Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders Rome Fights Carthage • The First Punic War – lasted 23 years; Carthage was forced to give up Sicily • The Second Punic War – Hannibal was defeated by Scipio • The Third Punic War – Rome again defeated Carthage and became supreme power in Mediterranean

11. Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders The Problems of Expansion • Nobles gained more power • Wider gap between rich and poor

12. Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire Objectives: • Identify the political events in Rome during the first century B.C. that helped weaken the Roman Republic. • Explain how the reign of Julius Caesar served as a transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. • Describe the events and conditions that marked the first two centuries of the Roman Empire.

13. Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire A Weakening Republic • The Social War – allies rebelled against Romans, were finally granted citizenship

14. Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire Caesar in Power • The First Triumvirate – Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey • The rule of Caesar – Caesar declared war on the republic and defeated Pompey, but was killed in the Senate

15. Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire The Roman Empire • The Second Triumvirate – Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus • Octavian: the first Augustus – “the revered one” • The Pax Romana emperors – Julio-Claudian Emperors, Army Emperors, Flavian Emperors, The Five Good Emperors

16. Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Objectives: • Explain how the Romans built a strong and unified empire. • Describe the daily lives and occupations of Roman citizens. • Explain the role of science and the arts in the Roman Empire.

17. Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Building a Strong Empire • Government and laws – revised laws • Trade and transportation • The Roman Army

18. Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Life in the Empire • Daily life – running water and exotic food for rich, crowded apartments and simple meals for most Romans • Slaves and slavery • The roles of men, women, and children – father held power, mother managed household, education at home • Religion – state religion • Fun and games – theater, sports

19. Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Science and the Arts • Science, engineering, and architecture • Literature – Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Tacitus, Plutarch • Language – Latin is the parent of modern Romance languages

20. Section 5: The Rise of Christianity Objectives: • Describe how the conditions Jews faced in Judaea contributed to the rise of Christianity. • Identify the difficulties early Christians experienced in the Roman Empire. • Explain the changes that helped establish Christianity and stabilize the church during the late Roman Empire.

21. Section 5: The Rise of Christianity The Beginning of Christianity • Jews and the Roman Empire – Jews revolted and were banned from Jerusalem • The teachings of Jesus – grounded in Jewish traditions • The death of Jesus – resurrection

22. Section 5: The Rise of Christianity The Spread of Christianity • Christianity was for everyone • Martyrs were put to death for beliefs in Christianity • Roman law accepted Christianity as a religion

23. Section 5: The Rise of Christianity The Romans Adopt Christianity • Constantine supported Christianity • Bishops, patriarchs, pope

24. Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Objectives: • Identify the problems the Roman Empire had to deal with during the A.D. 200s. • Explain how the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine slowed the decline of the empire. • List the factors that led to the final decline of the Roman Empire in the West.

25. Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Troubled Times Arise • Rising inflation • Increasing insecurity

26. Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Two Able Emperors Attempt Reform • Diocletian – appointed a co-emperor and two caesars (assistants) • Constantine – supported Christianity

27. Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire The Final Invasions • The Goths and the Vandals • The Huns • Results of the invasions – people were displaced, instability and destruction abounded

28. Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Causes of the decline • Political and military weaknesses • Economic decline • Social change