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A Structure for In-Depth, Phenomenological Interviewing

A Structure for In-Depth, Phenomenological Interviewing . Group 3 Name: 9310002A Joshua 9310004A Emily 9310012A Daniel 9310020A Zoe 9310038A Lydia Instructor: Mavis Shang. * Survey interviews with:. Preset Standardized Normally closed questions.

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A Structure for In-Depth, Phenomenological Interviewing

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  1. A Structure for In-Depth, Phenomenological Interviewing Group 3 Name: 9310002A Joshua 9310004A Emily 9310012A Daniel 9310020A Zoe 9310038A Lydia Instructor: Mavis Shang

  2. * Survey interviews with: • Preset • Standardized • Normally closed questions

  3. The primarily way of interview is open-ended questions. The major task is to explore the participants’ responses to those questions. The goal is to have the participant reconstruct his or her experience within the topic under study.

  4. * The three-interview series: • Focused Life History • The Details of Experience • Reflection on the Meaning

  5. Interview one :Focused Life History • The task is to put the participant’s experiences in context by asking them as mush as possible about their experiences according to the topic.

  6. Interview Two: The Details of Experience • Purpose: to focus on the concrete details of the participants’ experience • Ex. dialogue journal writing → ask the participants what they do on the process (ask their experiences rather than opinions) → eliciting details

  7. Questions • Which kind of course do you use dialogue journal? • How often do you write dialogue journal per week? • Did your teacher may help you to correct your grammatical errors/ spelling errors? • After the correction, can you write more proficiency?

  8. Interview Three: Reflection on the Meaning • Purpose: to reflect on the meaning of their experience • “Meaning” → thinking • Making sense/ making meaning → how the factors influence participants’ present lives

  9. We need to focus on the participants’ understanding of their experience. → to let their thinking become meaningful • Ex. to renew details of their experience → they may tell us from the past to now

  10. Questions • Before you practice dialogue journal, how was your writing performance? • Does dialogue journal writing could help you to improve your writing ability? Why? How? • Did your teacher may take grades on your writing? • Do you write with more comfort after practicing dialogue journals for the duration?

  11. RESPECT THE STRUCTURE • The sequence of interviews requires that interviewers to adhere to the purpose to each. • A logic to the interview → to lose control of their direction is to lose the power • Interviewer → providing times for participants to tell the stories, and focus to allow the interview structure to work

  12. LENGTH OF INTERVIEWS • Dolbeare & Schuman (1982) used a 90-minute format. “Oh, that’s too long!” “How will we fill that amount of time?” “How will we get a participant to agree to be interviewed for that length of time?”

  13. For younger participants → use a shorter period may be appropriate • The interview has at least a chronological order. Beginning middle end • Remember, “Time” is very important! • Open-ended time undue anxiety

  14. SPACING OF INTERVIEWS • From 3 days to a week to mull over the preceding interview • After few times talking, it may increase the relationship between interviewer and participants.

  15. ALTERNATIVES TO THE STRUCTURE AND PROCESS • Structure → to reconstruct and reflect on their experience • Interviewer → arrange the time for the participants

  16. Whose Meaning is it? Validity and reliability • Interviewer plays an important role in interview. • To avoid participants reconstructing their experiences. • The human interviewer is a good instrument to gather information.

  17. Is it anybody’s meaning? • People are variable. • Using the three-interview structure to incorporate features to enhance the accomplishment of validity.

  18. 1.Place participants' comments in context. 2. After one to three weeks, check whether their opinions are the same or not. 3. Connect their experiences and check the participant who is different with others. 4. The goal of the process is to understand how our participants understand and make meaning of their experiences.

  19. An example of Approach Validity • What should be included with transcript of authenticity interviews? A. Verbal aspects a. syntax b. diction

  20. B. Nonverbal aspects a. pauses b. the groping for words c. the self-effacing laughter

  21. To have Validity interview- 1. kept quiet 2. do not interrupt 3. do not redirect interviewees thinking Warning: What we need is the thought from interviewees, but not from interviewer.

  22. Experience the process yourself

  23. Cont.

  24. Team up with peer • Arrange appointments (and in return) • Tape-record • Interviewing and being interviewed • Connect to the possibilities of the process

  25. Thanks for Your Listening

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