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Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation and Communication in Multicellular Organisms (like you!!!)

Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation and Communication in Multicellular Organisms (like you!!!). Stem Cell Basics. Unspecialized (undifferentiated) cells. All of the stem cells contain the same DNA Specific genes determine the type of cell

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Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation and Communication in Multicellular Organisms (like you!!!)

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  1. Stem Cells, Cell Differentiation and Communication in Multicellular Organisms (like you!!!)

  2. Stem Cell Basics • Unspecialized (undifferentiated) cells. • All of the stem cells contain the same DNA • Specific genes determine the type of cell • They have potential to become a specialized type (such as lung, liver, etc.) • They can also divide to create other stem cells

  3. What is a stem cell? Stem cell Stem cell DIFFERENTIATION (specializing) SELF-RENEWAL (copying) Specialized cells Identical stem cells

  4. Two Basic Types • Embryonic stem cells • Adult Stem cells

  5. In the Beginning……. • You were one of these! • Male sperm fuses (fertilizes) an egg. • This is the very first cell…….a Zygote (picture on the right)!!!

  6. After about 5 days, a blastocyst has formed……source of embryonic stem cells

  7. Embryonic Stem cells **Versatile **Have not differentiated into any particular type of cell **Can be created in a (fertility clinics) ** Can develop into each of the more than 200 cell types of the adult body (Called Somatic Cells)

  8. Extracting Embryonic Stem Cells Destroys the Embryo……..creates controversy!! When does life begin?

  9. Adult Stem Cells **Found throughout the body; bone marrow (left), muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver, fat cells, cord blood….. **replace dying and damaged tissues **Can only develop into limited types of cells

  10. DNA and Differentiation **You have 46 total chromosomes (left) **A zygote‘s DNA contains the instructions needed to become an organism **Each cell only uses part of your DNA to differentiate into specific body cells called somatic cells; lung, heart, bone, etc. **Once specialized, they do not become stem cells again

  11. Cell Communication…. • Cells signal each other  Send and receive “messages” • Identify each other • Signals from the environment or from other cells • Proteins on the cell’s membrane is involved

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