1. Green Building Design Scott Lowe Professor Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Manhattan College

2. Buildings are Complex Systems !

3. 1. Site • High density urban

4. Extreme slope

5. A Green Site? • Brownfield

6. Not Green • Pristine land

7. 2. Foundations • Building load must be spread out or transferred to rock • Footings • Piles • Caissons

8. 3. Frame • steel

9. Reinforced concrete

10. wood

11. 3. Electrical

12. 4. Mechanical • HVAC

13. 5. Plumbing • Water supply • Cold water • Hot water • Wastewater collection • Heating pipes • Gas • Fire system

14. 6. Interior • floors

15. Internal walls • Finish – walls/floor

16. 7. Exterior

17. How Green is my Building? • US Green Building Council established the LEED rating system in 1998 • Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design • Points system

18. LEED System (New Building) • Site (26 pts) • Water (10 pts) • Energy (35 pts) • Materials (14 pts) • Indoor Quality (15 pts) • Rating out of 100 • 40-49 certified • 50-59 silver • 60-79 gold • 80+ platinum

19. LEED Site example • Bike racks • Changing rooms

20. LEED Water example • landscaping

21. LEED Energy example • Generate energy

22. LEED Materials example • recycled

23. LEED Indoor Quality example • Natural light

24. Energy • Buildings consume massive amounts of energy • 40% of all US energy • 70% of all US electricity • Where is it used?

26. Sizzling Hot Energy Topics • Do it more efficiently • Generate your own • Keep your heat but • Don’t lose your cool

27. Efficiency Efficient HVAC systems • Use high efficiency systems • 90%+ possible • High capital cost • Will pay this back • Not sexy

28. Create Energy • Solar - active

29. Solar - passive • Trombe wall

30. Solar – hot water

31. Geothermal • ~6 ft below ground the temperature is ~50OF all year • Run water pipes through ground • In summer hot water enters ground – cool exits • Use this to cool air for the HVAC system • In winter reverse process

33. Geothermal Piping Installation ~6 ft underground

34. Excavation for geothermal pipe field CEEN201: Green Building Design

35. Geothermal heat exchanger CEEN201: Green Building Design

36. Geothermal heat exchanger CEEN201: Green Building Design

37. Geothermal lake construction Sherman Hospital Illinois CEEN201: Green Building Design

38. Keep Your Heat • and don’t lose your cool • Insulate, insulate, insulate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Biggest bang for your $

39. Heat Transfer 101 • Heat moves from hotcold • Driven by temp gradient • Analogous to fluid flow (high P to low P) • And dispersion (high Conc. to low Conc.)

40. Q = A DT R Q = heat flow Btu/hr DT = temp difference oF A = wall area ft2 R = resistance oF - ft2 / (Btu/hr)

41. Insulation • Typical building codes • Walls R-19 • Roofs R-30 • R values for each layer is added up

42. R Value of a house exterior wall • ½” sheetrock + 3 ½ “ insulation + ½” plywood + wood siding + tyvek • R = 0.45 + 11 + 0.63 + 0.8 + 0.85 • R value = 13.73

43. Windows • Poor insulators • Building Code = double pane • Leaks are a problem • Single pane of ¼” glass, R= 0.9 • With storm, R=2 • Double pane ~2 • Triple pane ~3

44. Water • Water supply • Under pressure

45. Collection System • Only 1 drainage system • Toilets • Shower • Bath • Sinks • Laundry • Dishwasher • Floor drains

47. Black and Grey water Black Grey Can be reused but NOT for drinking Flush toilets, water gardens Shower Wash basin Laundry • Can NEVER be reused • Goes to sewer system • Toilet • Kitchen sink • Dish washer

48. Complex to re-plumb existing buildings • Need to create 2 drainage systems • Need to store and distribute grey water • Tanks and pumps • Clean water back-up in case not enough grey water • Etc,etc

49. Roofs can be Green • Or black or white or blue

50. White Roof