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INVE Aquafeed Experts Customized Products and Services for Aqua Feedmills

REPLACING FISH MEAL AND FISH OIL IN AQUAFEEDS: aquaculture escaping from the fish trap Peter Coutteau, PhD INVE Aquafeed Experts INVE Aquaculture Belgium. INVE Aquafeed Experts Customized Products and Services for Aqua Feedmills. Complementarity at your service.

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INVE Aquafeed Experts Customized Products and Services for Aqua Feedmills

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  1. REPLACING FISH MEAL AND FISH OIL IN AQUAFEEDS: aquaculture escaping from the fish trapPeter Coutteau, PhD INVE Aquafeed ExpertsINVE AquacultureBelgium AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  2. INVE Aquafeed ExpertsCustomized Products and Services for Aqua Feedmills Complementarity at your service AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007 INVE_AquaFeed_Experts@inve.be

  3. Finfish & shellfish production 2003 capture fisheries and aquaculture (FAO 2006) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  4. Fish meal/oil : aquaculture in the fish trap ? AQUACULTURE ? INDUSTRIAL FISHERIES FISH M/O AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  5. Aquaculture escaping from the fish (meal/oil) trap • Fishmeal/oil supply & use: current & future • Critical issues to reduce FM/FO use : • Feed performance & cost-efficiency • Sustainability • Consumer demands • Environmental impact AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  6. World production of fish meal & fish oil(data from Shepherd J.- IFFO, 2006) *2005 expected AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  7. Price of fish meal/oil(data from IFFO) 1999-2006: + 350-400% AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  8. Global production of commodities (USDA 2006 –http://www.fas.usda.gov; IFFO 2006) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  9. Global production of commodities (USDA 2006 –http://www.fas.usda.gov; IFFO 2006) + 15-30 mmt Rendered products (Tacon, 2006) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  10. Price of soybean meal/oil Source: Oilseed and Products, World Markets and Trade, USDA FAS Cotton Oilseeds Tobacco and Seeds Div June 2005. (2006 Soya & Oilseed Bluebook page 320 www.soyatech.com) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  11. Global estimate aquafeed market 2012Tacon et al. (FAO-2006) +6%/YR AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  12. Global estimate aquafeed market 2012Tacon et al. (FAO-2006) +5.3% Avg expected growth %/YR 2005-2012 +7.0% +7.4% +7.7% +4.9% AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  13. Estimated global use of fish meal for 2006 in aquafeeds per species group Total FM use in 2006: 3.01 mmt = 59% of total production (IFFO & FAO) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  14. Estimated global use of fish oil for 2006 in aquafeeds per species group Total FO use in 2006: 0.78 mmt = 87% of total production (IFFO & FAO) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  15. Estimated % of fish meal consumed by aquaculture – historical data (data from FAO-Tacon et al., 2006; IFFO 2006) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  16. Estimated % of fish oil consumed by aquaculture – historical data (data from FAO-Tacon et al., 2006; IFFO 2006) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  17. Projections FM/FO use for 2012 AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  18. Aquaculture escaping from the fish (meal/oil) trap • Fishmeal/oil supply & use: current & future • Critical issues to reduce FM/FO use • Feed performance & cost-efficiency • Sustainability • Consumer demands • Environmental impact AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  19. Stabilization of formula cost through FM/FO replacement Assumptions for simplified simulation • CP/CF 48/20 • High FM/FO control (44%FM+11%FO) = 2/3 CP + ¾ CF from FM/FO • Basal requirements for seabass • Standard raw materials AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  20. AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  21. Reduced dependence on bottleneck raw materials Formulative flexibility to switch to alternatives • Least-cost formulation for best performance • Restrictions: NUTRIENTS > INGREDIENTS • Specific nutritional requirements • Nutrient interactions & availability • Quantify/Cost “functional” properties (binding, attractant) • Practical implications feedmill • Purchase & stock raw materials • Flexibility processing conditions • Standardize feed quality & cost/performance AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  22. Why feed fish/shrimp with fish ? • Fish (meal/oil) is (was?) a cost-efficient source of • NUTRIENTS • Essential amino acids • Highly digestible protein & fat • Essential fatty acids • Liposoluble vitamins • Phospholipids • Cholesterol • Trace & macro minerals • ATTRACTANT -PALATIBILITY AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  23. the essentials from fishmeal ? • SOLUTIONS • Supplementation of critical nutrients • Digestible protein/fat • Amino acid balance • Vitamins • Macro & trace minerals • Phospholipids & essential fatty acids • Blend of selected attractants • Balanced formulation • Selected fat/protein sources • Raw material knowledge • Formulative know-how • 4. Finishing (feed, feeding regime) PROBLEMS • Nutritional imbalance • Low palatability/attractiveness • Alternative protein/fat sources • Low nutrient density • Anti-nutritional factors • Cost • End user/legal acceptance • Final product quality ? AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  24. the essentials from fishmeal ? • SOLUTIONS • Nutritional supplementation • Digestible protein/fat • Amino acid balance • Vitamins • Macro & trace minerals • Phospholipids & essential fatty acids • Blend of selected attractants • Balanced formulation • Selected fat/protein sources • Raw material knowledge • Formulative know-how • 4. Finishing (feed, feeding regime) PROBLEMS FM/FO > VEG. INGR. • Nutritional imbalance • High carbohydrate • Amino acid disbalance • Liposoluble vitamins • Minerals • Lipid nutrition (fa, chol, PL) • Low palatability/attractiveness • Alternative protein/fat sources • Low nutrient density • Anti-nutritional factors • Cost • End user/legal acceptance • Final product quality ? AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  25. Supplementation critical nutrients ? ? ? AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  26. the essentials from fishmeal ? • SOLUTIONS • Supplementation of critical nutrients • Digestible protein/fat • Amino acid balance • Vitamins • Macro & trace minerals • Phospholipids & essential fatty acids • Blend of selected attractants • Balanced formulation • Selected fat/protein sources • Raw material knowledge • Formulative know-how • 4. Finishing (feed, feeding regime) PROBLEMS • Nutritional imbalance • Low palatability/attractiveness • Alternative protein/fat sources • Low nutrient density • Anti-nutritional factors • Cost • End user/legal acceptance • Final product quality ? AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  27. the essentials from fishmeal ? • SOLUTIONS • Supplementation of critical nutrients • Digestible protein/fat • Amino acid balance • Vitamins • Macro & trace minerals • Phospholipids & essential fatty acids • Blend of selected attractants • Balanced formulation • Selected fat/protein sources • Raw material knowledge • Formulative know-how • 4. Finishing (feed, feeding regime) PROBLEMS • Nutritional imbalance • Low palatability/attractiveness • Alternative protein/fat sources • Low nutrient density & dig • Anti-nutritional factors • Cost • End user/legal acceptance • Final product quality ? AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  28. Active field of research... eg EU • Researching Alternatives to Fish Oils in Aquaculture (RAFOA – 3.61 M €): www.rafoa.stir.ac.uk • Perspectives of Plant Protein use in Aquaculture (PEPPA; 2.56 M €): www.st-pee.inra.fr /ici/stpee/nut/peppa • Fish Oil and Meal Replacement (FORM) : thematic network: www.formnetwork.net AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  29. AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  30. European seabass (Kaushik et al., 2004) • FM  RapeseedM/SoybM/CGL/WGL + LYS • No FO replacement • Seabass 190 -> 330 g; 84 d AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  31. Gilthead Seabream (Sitja-Babadilla et al. 2005) • FM  RapeseedM/Lupin/CGL/WGL + AA mix • No FO replacement • Seabream 17 -> 200 g; 6 M AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  32. Turbot (Fournier et al. 2004) • FM  lupin/corngl/wheat gl + FSol+ AA mix • No FO replacement • Turbot 26-> 130 g; 84 d AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  33. Grouper (Millamena, 2002) • FM > Meatmeal/Bloodmeal • Grouper 6 g; 60 d AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  34. Litopenaeus vannamei(Amaya et al. 2007) • FM (9-0%)  SoybM/corngl • Animal protein : PoultryBM 16% (29% CP) • Ponds 0.1 ha; stocking 35/m2; aeration 30-60 hp/ha; 126 d • FM18 at harvest : 87% SR - 19.6 g - 5.8 MT/ha – FCR 1.24 – 1.11 g/wk AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  35. Atlantic salmon(Espe et al., 2006) • FM corngl/wheatgl + AA mix + FSol • no FO replacement • Salmon 330 –> 760 g; 85 d AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  36. Commercial feed formulation(vs nutritional research studies) • Reference feed = current practical feed formulation • not 100% FM protein/fat • “dynamic” formula • “non-nutritional complications” of FM/FO replacement • Cost-efficiency ! • Availability • Legal use • Acceptable for the end-user • Acceptable product quality & processing cost • Multi-factor variation (vs single factor/nutrient nutritional research) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  37. Commercial farm conditions(vs nutritional research studies) • Main criterium: ECONOMICS over entire production cycle (vs window of growth) • Economic FCR • Time to harvest • Output per fixed production cost • Environmental conditions sub-optimal and variable (vs optimal and stable) • Evaluation parameters less precise & difficult stats (vs high statistical power) AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  38. Commercial farm conditions(vs nutritional research studies) • Interactions between feed quality and other production parameters/effects • Physical feed quality (eg water stability) • Feed availability/application • Natural feed organisms in (semi) extensive farms • Disease outbreaks & stress • Environmental conditions affecting nutritional requirements • ... AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  39. Applied R&D programme“FM/FO replacement in aquafeed”INVE Aquaculture – Caditec Testing AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  40. Effect of fishmeal replacement on performance of Gilthead seabream Data from 10 feeding trials using standard feedmill ingredients AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  41. Growth performance effect FM/FO replacement AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  42. Feed performance effect FM/FO replacement AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  43. Effect of nutritional supplementation on performance of low fish meal/fish oil diets AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007 ITECH Test Center Cadiz, 2002

  44. Effect of nutritional supplementation on performance of low fish meal/fish oil diets AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007 ITECH Test Center Cadiz, 2002

  45. L€ast €ost formulation • Example : screening for cost-efficient nutritional compensation @ 21% FM (CP67) = 30% dietary protein from FM @ 60% dietary fat from FM/FO • Seabream final GO stage 180 -> 300 g; 70 d AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  46. Seabream performance on FM30100%= performance FM60 AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  47. Seabream performance vs formula cost AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  48. Aquaculture escaping from the fish (meal/oil) trap • Fishmeal/oil supply & use: current & future • Critical issues to reduce FM/FO use • Feed performance & cost-efficiency • Sustainability • Consumer demands • Environmental impact AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  49. AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

  50. www.terram.cl AQUAFEED HORIZONS, VICTAM INTERNATIONAL, Utrecht, Netherlands; May 9-10, 2007

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