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Causes of World War II

The Axis powers during World War II were characterized by totalitarian regimes that sought to control every aspect of society. They rejected democratic ideals and embraced militarism, amassing vast military capabilities to promote national interests through aggression. Nationalism thrived, with leaders fostering a belief in the superiority of their nations, leading to imperialist ambitions. Japan, Italy, and Germany pursued aggressive expansion, promoting empire-building to secure resources. The motivations behind these actions directly contributed to the outbreak of the war and the extensive suffering that ensued.

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Causes of World War II

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  1. Causes of World War II Axis Philosophy and Aggression

  2. Totalitarianism • The Axis nations were totalitarianism dictatorships. • Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a political system where the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever necessary.

  3. Totalitarianism • They Scorned: • Democratic ideals of civil liberties • The dignity of the individual • World peace • And they openly declared their intent to destroy democracy

  4. Militarism • the belief that a government should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

  5. Militarism • Spent vast sums of money on armaments • Devised new weapons and battle techniques • Built huge military organizations • And psychologically prepared their people for war • They proclaimed war a glorious adventure and the death of the fatherland the highest honor

  6. Nationalism • ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests.

  7. Nationalism • Your country was more important than anything – including the individual. • Japanese Shinto teachings, Italian dreams of a revival of the roman empire, and the German “Master Race” doctrine – all fostered a narrow and bigoted nationalism • The axis nations considered themselves superior and destined to rule over ‘lesser peoples.’

  8. Imperialism • belief in empire-building: the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies • domination by empire: the political, military, or economic domination of one country over another

  9. Imperialism • The Axis powers embarked upon imperialism with the excuse that they lacked land and resources. • Japan expanded into Manchuria in 1931-1932 and China in 1937. • Japan wanted to create a, “Greater East Asian Co-prosperity Sphere.” • Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and wanted to turn the Mediterranean Sea into an “Italian Lake.”

  10. Imperialism • Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936 and aided General Franco in the Spanish Civil War from 1936-1938. • Invaded and annexed Austria in 1938 • Occupied the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia in 1939

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