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DO NOW:

DO NOW:. Take notes off counter and take out the homework from last night Do the Do Now sheet and the q’s below 3. Answer these questions: Which is a chart that follows a trait through several generations of a family? Punnett square 2. Allele chart 3. Pedigree

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DO NOW:

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  1. DO NOW: • Take notes off counter and take out the homework from last night • Do the Do Now sheet and the q’s below 3. Answer these questions: • Which is a chart that follows a trait through several generations of a family? • Punnett square 2. Allele chart 3. Pedigree 2. On these charts, what does a Square represent? A Circle? What if they are shaded in completely? 4. Homework: Unit test next wed., sex linked traits punnett squares

  2. Pedigrees: • Also called a family tree • Squares represent males and circles represent females • Horizontal lines connecting a male and female represent mating • Vertical lines extending downward from a couple represent their children • A shaded symbol means the individual possess the trait • Half-shaded symbols are carriers

  3. Do Now • Take papers off side counter • Take out your signed progress report and missing assignments • Take out the notes from last week (cloning etc.) • Write down homework : • Unit test review worksheet

  4. Mutations

  5. What are mutations? • Mutations are errors or changes to the genetic code of an organism

  6. What Causes Mutations? • Radiation (X-rays, UV rays, Gamma rays, Micro waves) • Chemicals • Errors in DNA replication • Viruses

  7. What can mutations become? Mutations can be: cancer, birth defects, or disorders Examples: Lung cancer, skin cancer, Tay Sachs disease, albinism

  8. Truths about mutations: Most are minor. Many are harmful. Some are lethal. Very few are helpful.

  9. Mutations and Evolution Changes in DNA (mutations) causes changes in the organism that can give it an advantage or disadvantage.

  10. Mutations and Evolution If it is an advantage, the organism lives and reproduces, passing on the gene. If it is a disadvantage, the organism will die.

  11. In which situation is the color of the moth an advantage or disadvantage?

  12. Mutations and Evolution Mutations lead to evolution of whole groups!

  13. Selective Breeding

  14. What is selective breeding? • Selective breeding means that humans choose the traits that they want in the offspring and then choose the mates that will give them the desired traits

  15. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/dogs-around-world.html • http://www.dnatube.com/video/574/Dog-Breeding • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/engineer/

  16. Genetic Engineering

  17. What is genetic engineering? • Genetic engineering is changing an organism’s DNA to get desired traits • http://www.dnatube.com/video/27883/Genetic-engineering

  18. Pros of GE Crops Enhanced taste and quality Reduced maturation time – grow faster Increased nutrients, yields, and stress tolerance Improved resistance to disease, pests, and herbicides New products and growing techniques Environment Conservation of soil, water, and energy Decreased need for chemicals like pesticides & herbicides In future, may not even need fertilizers Society Increased food security for growing populations Potential to make starvation a thing of the past!

  19. Cons of GE • Potential human health impact: allergens, unknown effects • Loss of biodiversity • Domination of world food production by a few companies • Foreign exploitation of natural resources • Tampering with nature by mixing genes among species • Objections to consuming animal genes in plants and viceversa • Labeling not mandatory in some countries (e.g., United States) Mixing GM crops with non-GM confounds labeling attempts • New advances may be skewed to interests of rich countries

  20. DO NOW 12/4/09 KEY: R=ROUND SHAPE (Dominant) r=wrinkled shape (recessive) RR pea plant crossed with an Rr pea plant What % of offspring will have a round pod shape?__________________ What % of offspring will have a wrinkled pod shape? _______________ What is the genotype for all 4 offspring? What is the phenotype for all 4 offspring? r R R R

  21. CLONING Cloning is when you make an organism that is genetically identical to another

  22. Cloning Dolly the Sheep was the first animal cloned using DNA from an adult cell- now, dozens of organisms have been cloned…like cows, goats, pigs, cats, and rabbits Cloning

  23. BRAINPOP… DOLLY THE SHEEP

  24. 1. An unfertilized EGG is taken from a donor sheep and its NUCLEUS is REMOVED and thrown away (what is thrown away with it??) 1. 2. 2. A BODY CELL is taken from a different donor and its NUCLEUS is REMOVED and SAVED

  25. The NUCLEUS from the body cell is inserted into the space where the NUCLEUS was removed from the unfertilized egg cell and SHOCKED WITHELECTRICITY 3.

  26. 4. the electricity makes this “new cell” begin to act like a fertilized egg…it begins to DIVIDE 5. Once the egg divides to form an embryo, it is implanted in a surrogate mother until it is born

  27. QUESTION…… WHO IS THE BABY SHEEP A CLONE OF??

  28. The DNA of the baby lamb is identical to the DNA from the donor’s body cell in step 2, because the body cell nucleus was saved and put into the egg cell!

  29. DO NOW 12/7/09 • TAKE A DNA CHALLENGE SHEET AND WEB LESSON PACKET FROM BINS ON FRONT DESK • *LOG IN TO YOUR COMPUTER IMMEDIATELY! http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/index.cfm • *YOU WILL BE WORKING WITH THE PERSON YOU SIT NEXT TO, OR THE PARTNER I ASSIGN TO YOU • WORK ON DNA CHALLENGE SHEET WHILE WAITING FOR THE COMPUTER

  30. BRAINPOP • CLONING…IS ONE OF YOU ENOUGH???

  31. Cloning Mimi the mouse… Cloning

  32. Brain Pop • Stem Cell Stem Cells…. NOVA Stem Cells CNN Stem Cells http://search.cnn.com/search?query=stem+cell&type=video&sortBy=date&intl=false Gov. Site Stem Cells

  33. Answer on DO NOW sheet for Tuesday • (12/1/09) *write the question and the answer • In sexual reproduction, what fraction of genes does each parent contribute(give) to the offspring? • ¼ B. 1/3 C. ½ D. ¾ • The male sex cell is the? ___________ • If A=straight hairline and a=peaked hairline why will Aa individuals have a straight hairline and not a widows peak?

  34. DO NOW 12/2 • 1. get homework and genetic engineering sheet from side counter • 2. answer the following on Do Now Sheet: • Complete the punnett square • Blood type A __________% • Blood type AB __________% • Blood type B ___________% • Blood type O ___________% A B A i • What is this a picture of? • What do the “bands” represent? BANDS

  35. DO NOW 12/8/09happy birthday Mario! • Homework: study for your quiz tomorrow • **if snow day or delay, quiz on Thursday *LOG IN TO YOUR COMPUTER IMMEDIATELY!http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/index.cfm • Work with same partner as yesterday • You must finish this web lesson TODAY!! • WORK ON DNA CHALLENGE SHEET WHILE WAITING FOR THE COMPUTER …

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