1 / 27

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System. Inhale … Exhale …. How important is the Respiratory System?. How long can you hold your breath?. 2 different levels. Cellular, or internal Organism level. Why Breath?.

drake-stokes
Télécharger la présentation

The Respiratory System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Respiratory System Inhale … Exhale …

  2. How important is the Respiratory System? • How long can you hold your breath?

  3. 2 different levels • Cellular, or internal • Organism level

  4. Why Breath? • Respiratory System is a group of organs working together to bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment

  5. Respiratory System consists of: • Nose • Nasal cavity • Pharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Smaller conducting passageways • Lungs

  6. air is about 21% Oxygen; 78% Nitrogen; 1% Carbon dioxide, water vapor, argon, and other trace gasses (neon, helium, krypton, hydrogen, and ozone are a few)

  7. Air enters through the nose or mouth • Into the nasal cavity – warms and moistens air • Enters pharynx – back of throat – serves as passageway for food and air • Trachea – windpipe – leads to lungs

  8. Direct connection to outside – must filter dust, dirt, smoke, bacteria and other contaminants • When air goes through the mouth, it doesn’t get filtered as much as when it goes through the nose and nasal cavities • Lined with mucous secretions and hair

  9. Top of trachea is Larynx • Made of cartilage (largest is the Adam’s Apple) • Also known as Voice box • Inside is two folds of tissue – the vocal cords

  10. Trachea • C – shaped rings of cartilage • Protect the trachea • Make it flexible • Keep it from collapsing

  11. Cells that line the trachea • produce mucus • Lined with cilia • Particles are trapped in the mucus and carried to upper trachea – swept down into digestive system • Smoke = Sabotage to system • Cilia stop working after a while • When this happens, particles get lodged in the trachea – SMOKER’S COUGH

  12. Trachea divides to bronchi • Bronchi divide into smaller and smaller passageways and lose the cartilage rings to become bronchioles • Bronchioles divide further and further until they end in small clusters of hollow air sacs – alveoli • Gas exchange occurs in alveoli

  13. Mechanics of Breathing • Inhalation and Exhalation • Air pulled into the lungs and air pushed out of the lungs • 10 – 15 X in a minute • Diaphragm – large flat muscle along bottom of rib cage and Intercostal (between ribs) muscles

  14. Makeup of air we breath

  15. 3 million alveoli in a healthy lung

  16. Blood enters capillaries around the alveoli • Carbon dioxide rich blood enters, Carbon dioxide diffuses out, Oxygen diffuses in – concentrations are unequal across the alveolar membrane of gasses

  17. Phospholipids and protein produce a “surfactant” to coat the inside of the alveolus • Keeps it open and makes it easier to exchange gasses

  18. Hemoglobin – Found in red blood cells – iron containing compound – makes red blood cells red • Without Hemoglobin, blood would only be able to carry about 2% of the oxygen needed by the body.

  19. Control of Respiratory System • Breathing is involuntary • What makes you breath?

  20. How does the nervous system control breathing? • Sensory neurons check levels of gasses in your blood. • One set in carotid arteries in the neck • Other set in the aorta • These are sensitive to levels of gasses in the blood – especially Carbon Dioxide

  21. LUNG CAPACITIES • Total Lung Volume – about 6 L • Residual Volume – Following a normal exhalation, what is left (about 2 ½ L) • Tidal Volume – Volume of air inspired or expired during a normal (at rest) breath (1/2 L per cycle) • Inspiratory Reserve – additional air that can be breathed after a normal inspiration (4 ½ L) • Vital Capacity – total volume of breathable air

  22. Problems • Hypoxia – High CO2 levels in the blood – provides greatest stimulus to breath • Influenced by oxygen partial pressure, increased gas density, and emotional states • Asphyxia – existence of both hypoxia (oxygen shortage) and Carbon Dioxide excess • Suffocation – stoppage of breathing for any cause resulting in asphyxiation • Strangulation – stoppage of breathing due to obstruction

  23. Asthma • Restriction of airways due to inflammation • May cause • Shortness of breath • Wheezing • Coughing • Can be triggered by • Cold • Allergies – dust, pet hair, smoke, pollen, etc… • Exercise

  24. Asthma • Medicines include • Long acting to prevent attacks • Short acting during attacks (bronchodilators)

  25. Lung Caner

  26. Emphysema • COPD – Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • Lung tissue destroyed – cannot function fully • Irreversible condition • Steroids and other drugs • May need Oxygen permanently

More Related