BOT-2 Fine Motor Assessment

1. BOT-2 Fine Motor Assessment By: Hannah Reed Holmes and Megan Holloway

2. Key Characteristics • Age: 4 - 21 years and 11 months old • Domains: (Subtests) • Fine Motor Precision • Draw, cut, or fold within a specific boundary • Fine Motor Integration • Reproduce drawings of geometrical shapes that range in complexity • Visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement • Manual Dexterity • Speed and Accuracy, timed • Reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination with small objects • Upper-Limb Coordination • Measures visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement • Catching, dribbling, and throwing a tennis ball

3. Key Characteristics cont’d • The purpose is to assess different measures of fine motor skill proficiency • Supporting Diagnosis of Motor Impairments • Screening • Making Placement Decisions • Developing and Evaluating Motor Training Programs • Assisting Clinicians and Researchers on Evaluation of Programs

4. Testing Procedures • Composite Form • Fine Manual Control • Manual Coordination • Select Subtests Form • Fine Motor Precision • Fine Motor Integration • Manual Dexterity • Upper Limb Coordination

5. Testing Procedures cont’d • Administration Manual-Standardized • Examiner’s exact words in bold • Number of trials in box • Pictures of how performance should look • Number of times examiner can demonstrate item • Time Limit in box

6. Examples of Test Items • Fine Motor Precision • Filling in Shapes- Circle • Filling in the Shape- Star • Fine Motor Integration • Copying Circle • Copying Square • Manual Dexterity • Making dots in circles • Card Sort • Upper-Limb Coordination • Dropping and Catching a Ball- Both Hands • Dropping and Catching a Ball- One Hand

7. Test Development • 1979 Original BOTMP created • BOTMP was separated into gross and fine motor. • BOT-2 was created to analyze more specific components of fine motor and gross motor. • Evaluation of both items were compared and certain testing items eliminated. • BOT-2 expanded coverage of fine and gross motor skills. • Improved measurement among 4 and 5 year olds. • Extended norms through age 21. • Improved item presentation. • Improved quality of kit equipment.

8. Test Standardization • Standardization • Uniform procedures for administration & scoring • Rules, number of trails, and time limits • Scores are compared to age-based norms • n= 1,520 examinees • Ages 4 years of age to 21 years and 11 months of age • Based on the Current Population Survey (Bureau of the Census, 2001) • Standardized Populations: African American, Hispanic, White, & Other • Item Bias Review • Gender • Ethnicity • Socio-economic

9. Psychometric Properties

10. Psychometric Properties cont’d • Test Content- When updating the BOT-2, only functional items that were proven to test its subtest title with moderately high factor were kept. • Criterion- Concurrent with 1-2 studies; demonstrates adequate agreement with a criterion or gold standard measure • Construct (Internal Structure)- The BOT-2 uses a composite structure that distinguishes fine motor skills on the basis of the limbs and musculature involved in object manipulation related to functional activities.

11. Test Length/Cost • Fine Motor Composite Form: • 20-30 minutes to administer • 10 minutes needed to prepare the testing area • Fine Motor Short Form • 5-10 minutes to administer • 5 minutes needed to prepare the testing area • Cost of Fine Motor BOT-2 Kit $515.00 • Kit includes Manual, Supplemental Manual, Administration Easel, Record Forms (25), Target, Shuttle Block, Balance Beam, Knee Pad. • Cost of Complete BOT-2 Kit $837

12. Scoring • Recording Item Raw Score • Convert Raw Score to Point Score • Make Notes and Observation During Administration • Computing Subtest Total Point Scores

13. Interpretation and Results • Gives a good baseline for strengths and weaknesses. • Can choose between subtests and use ones that apply the most. • When explaining to parents, first identify average to above average scores, then address the below average areas that can be improved with OT.

14. Areas of Occupation • Education participation • The fine manual control subtest of the BOT-2 is particularly useful in screening for academic readiness in young children.

15. Assessment Approach/Environment • Assessment Approach: • Bottom up • Looks at components that are necessary for functional occupational performance during short activities (not specific occupations) • Environment: • Educational Setting • Rehabilitation center/Health Care Setting • Home

16. Frame of Reference / Measurement Concerns • Frame of References: • Motor Control and Motor Learning • Biomechanical and Rehabilitative • Measurement Concerns: • Examinee inattention with test length • Poor test environment • Inability to establish rapport • Examiner incompetency • Substitute for the standardized tools • Difficult to use with children who have disabilities • Test cost

17. Resources • Bruininks, R. H., & Bruininks, B. D. (2005). BOT2: Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency : manual (2nd ed.). Minneapolis, Minn.: Pearson Assessments. • Clinical Assessment. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.pearsonclinical.com