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Understanding Chemical Bonding: Ionic and Covalent Bonds Explained

Chemical bonding is the force that holds atoms together, driven by their desire for stability through full outer electron shells. Atoms can share, lose, or gain valence electrons to achieve stability. Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals when electrons are transferred, creating charged ions that attract each other. In contrast, covalent bonds occur between non-metals when atoms share electron pairs to fill their outer shells. Understanding these processes is essential for grasping molecular structures and behaviors.

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Understanding Chemical Bonding: Ionic and Covalent Bonds Explained

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chemical Bonding

  2. Chemical Bond • A force that holds two or more atoms together • This happens because atoms prefer to have a full outer shell • Atoms can share, lose, or gain valence electrons

  3. Atoms want to be STABLE • Atoms are stable when their outer most energy level is full • Unstable atoms have spaces in their outer energy level • All atoms are unstable alone except for which group? • Noble Gases • Because most are unstable alone, they combine with others to become stable

  4. How do atoms Bond? • Ionic bonds • Covalent bonds • By using Lewis Dot Diagrams • Only concerned with valence electrons!! How will we represent bonds?

  5. Question • Which electrons are we concerned with during bonding?

  6. Lewis Dot Diagram Refresher • Draw the diagram for: • Beryllium • Aluminum • Tin • Bismuth • Radon

  7. Ionic Bonds • When atoms become stable by either giving or taking electrons from another atom • Most often a metal and a non-metal bond • Neutral atom- if # of protons and # of electrons are equal • Ion- an atom that has gained or lost electrons • Ions have electrical charges

  8. Question • Most of the atoms on the periodic table are neutral. (T/F) • Most of the time, which two types of elements are bonding together in an ionic bond?(metal and non-metal/ non-metal and non-metal/ metal and metal)

  9. Ions • Cation- an atom that loses electrons • Have positive charges • Na+ • Anion- an atom that gains electrons • Have negative charges • Cl- • Opposites Attract!! • Atoms with opposite charges bond together

  10. Question • What is an ion? • O ++ is an example of (anion/cation) • How/why do ionic bonds form?

  11. Covalent Bonds • When two atoms share their outer energy level by sharing a pair of electrons • Most often a non-metal and a non-metal bond • Both atoms keep their valence electrons • Charges don’t change, but they become stable

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