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Understanding DNA Composition and Structure: The Basics of Nucleotides

DNA is composed of four nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). In 1940, biochemist Erwin Chargaff established "Chargaff's Rule," stating that in a DNA molecule, the amount of A equals T and the amount of G equals C. The structure of DNA is a double helix, consisting of nucleotides made up of three components: a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. This foundation of biology is vital for understanding genetics and molecular biology.

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Understanding DNA Composition and Structure: The Basics of Nucleotides

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  1. Composition of the DNA

  2. DNA Is Composed of Four Nucleotides In 1940, biochemist E. Chargaff determinedthat: • In a DNA molecule, amounts of A = T, G = C “Chargaff’s Rule”

  3. DNA is a DoubleHelix • REMEBER: • DNA iscomposedon nucleotides • Each nucleotides has three components: • Phosphate group • Deoxyribose sugar • Nitrogenous base • Thymine • Guanine • Cytosine • Adenine

  4. SIMPLIFIED CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE DNA Nucleotide Phosphoric acid Nitrogenous Base Deoxyribosesugar

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