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Pierre Dragicevic Stéphane Chatty David Thevenin Jean-Luc Vinot

Artistic Resizing A Technique for Rich Scale-Sensitive Vector Graphics Merci de ne pas diffuser avant le 30 octobre 05 (brevet en cours). Pierre Dragicevic Stéphane Chatty David Thevenin Jean-Luc Vinot. Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile.

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Pierre Dragicevic Stéphane Chatty David Thevenin Jean-Luc Vinot

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  1. Artistic ResizingA Technique for RichScale-Sensitive Vector GraphicsMerci de ne pas diffuser avant le 30 octobre 05 (brevet en cours) Pierre Dragicevic Stéphane Chatty David Thevenin Jean-Luc Vinot Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile

  2. Graphical designers are given moreand more importance in GUIs Exploitation of vector graphics(e.g, Scalable Vector Graphics) IntuiKit[Chatty et al, UIST’04] Graphically Rich User Interfacs

  3. The Resizing Problem • Fixedsize • Naivescaling • Common resizing

  4. w xL •  wB = 5 • hB = 5 •  r = 20 •  xL = (w-wL) / 2 •  yL = (h-hL) / 2 •  wL = 20 • hL = 10 r yL h hL wL hB wB Expressing Resizing • Resizing is commonly described using formulae • These formulae are: • Translated into code by the programmer • Or used as an input to constraint-solving systems

  5. Expressing Resizing • But designers think visually • They are used to produce visual declinations • Variants are also useful to convey general laws On whitepaper Smallsize Mediumsize On blackpaper On redpaper

  6. Expressing Resizing • Layout design relies on perception and aesthetics • Does not translate into simple formulae

  7. Artistic Resizing • Designers produce variants using their authoring tool • IntuiKit interprets the example set

  8. w xL r yL h hL wL hB wB •  wB = 5 • hB = 5 •  r = 20 •  xL = (w-wL) / 2 •  yL = (h-hL) / 2 •  wL = 20 • hL = 10 Artistic Resizing • Support for invariants but also for complex laws

  9. Artistic Resizing A scenario

  10. Artistic Resizing A scenario

  11. Artistic Resizing A scenario

  12. Artistic Resizing A scenario

  13. Artistic Resizing A scenario

  14. Artistic Resizing A scenario

  15. Artistic Resizing A scenario ?

  16. T1 T1’ Artistic Resizing How does it work? • Assumes the exclusive use of: • Copy & paste for adding new examples • Affine transformation tools (move, scale, rotate, shear) • Based on local interpolation of transformations

  17. ? Artistic Resizing How does it work? • Each variant of T1 is associated withthe example’s bounding box T1’ T1 T1’’ T1’’’

  18. Artistic Resizing How does it work? • Problem of multivariate interpolation T1’’ T1’ height T1 ? transf. T1’’’ width

  19. Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation • An affine transformation matrix: T1 a13 a12 a11 X X0 a23 a22 = a21 Y Y0 1 0 0 1 1

  20. Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation • Orthogonal Interpolation hypothesis: • Width only impacts the X contribution • Height only impacts the Y contribution a13 a12 width a11 X X0 a23 a22 height = a21 Y Y0 1 0 0 1 1

  21. a23 a22 a21 a13 a11 a12 Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation • X and Y contributions are projected onto separate axis: height T1 Y transf. X transf. width

  22. a13 a11 a12 a23 a21 a22 1 0 0 a23 a22 a13 a11 a12 a21 Artistic Resizing Orthogonal Interpolation • A piecewise linear interpolation is performed on each axis: height Y transf. X transf. width T → +

  23. Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal Interpolation • Structure-independent: • The interpolation is independent from the waypoints have been structured into shapes and groups (Sodipodi) (Illustrator) T’ T T1’ T2’ T2 T1 g g p2 p1 p1 p2 p1 p2 p2 p1 

  24. Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal Interpolation • Preserves algebraic measures: • If horizontal or vertical distances are the same on the examples they will remain the same

  25. Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal Interpolation • Preserves relative ratios: • Ratios that are invariant on the exampleswill remain invariant

  26. Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal Interpolation • Preserves contacts: • Two points that coincide on the exampleswill always coincide

  27. Artistic Resizing Properties of Orthogonal Interpolation • Preserves parallelism: • Two lines that are parallel on the exampleswill remain parallel

  28.  (A+B)/2 T1 T2 = Scale(0.55) T3 = Scale(10.5) T4 Scale = 5.775 Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal Interpolation • Does not support composition: • Composing interpoled transformations may lead to non-linear resizing behaviors B A T1 T1 T2 = Scale(0.1) T2 = Scale(1) T3 = Scale(20) T3 = Scale(1) T4 T4 Scale = 1 Scale = 2

  29.  (A+B)/2 T1 T2 T3 = Scale(1.5) T4 Scale = 1.5 Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal Interpolation • Does not support composition: • Scenegraphs must be normalized by pre-composing transformation matrices B A T1 T1 T2 T2 T3 = Scale(2) T3 = Scale(1) T4 T4 Scale = 1 Scale = 2

  30. Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal Interpolation • Does not support pure rotations: • Rotation = Xshear + Yshear

  31. Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal Interpolation • Dependent from the coordinates frame: • Interpolation properties depend on the orientation

  32. Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal Interpolation • Does not support cross-axis constraints: • No circles, squares, or «squeezing» effects

  33. Artistic Resizing Limitations of Orthogonal Interpolation • Does not support high-level constraints: • e.g., objects can’t be told to « carriage return »

  34. Artistic Resizing vs. Animation Interpolation • Techniques: • Separate storage of rotation (Flash, Director,…) • Polar decomposition [Shoemake et al. 92] • Animation: • Monovariate (time) • Axis-independence • Objects rotate (rigidity) • Can be precomputed • GUI Resizing: • Bivariate (width+height) • Screen dependence • Objects are « elastic » • Must update interactively

  35. Artistic Resizing vs. Constraint Inference • Demonstrational layout specification systems: • Peridot [Myers 90] • Chimera[Kurlander & Feiner 93] • Constraint inference: • Extensive searchfor invariants • Sensitive to combi-natorial explosion • Over-constrained orunintended rules • Orthogonal interpolation: • Ensures the preservation of « interesting » invariants • Fast computation, even with complex vector graphics • Limitations are known, results are easy to predict

  36. Artistic Resizing Other Related Work • Layout models: • Boxes and glue (TeX, Swing,…) • 9-part tiling technique [Hudson & Tanaka 00] • Constraints: • Textual formulae • Graphical frontends[Hudson & Mohamed 90] • Image interpolation: • Multiple Master Fonts • Shape blending, image morphing

  37. Artistic Resizing Future Work • More extensive support for SVG attributes • Support for parametrization • Blending with traditional layout managers: • Testing with graphical designers

  38. Artistic Resizing Future Work • More extensive support for SVG attributes • Support for parametrization • Blending with traditional layout managers: • Testing with graphical designers

  39. Artistic Resizing Questions ?

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