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Rocks and Soil

Rocks and Soil. Rocks. ROCKS

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Rocks and Soil

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  1. Rocks and Soil

  2. Rocks • ROCKS • The rocks you see around you - the mountains, canyons & riverbeds, are all made of minerals. A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals. Think of a chocolate chip cookie as a rock. The cookie is made of flour, butter, sugar & chocolate. The cookie is like a rock and the flour, butter, sugar & chocolate are like minerals. You need minerals to make rocks, but you don't need rocks to make minerals. All rocks are made of minerals.

  3. Rocks • Properties of Rocks (how we categorize them) • Texture • Layering • Color

  4. Texture • How smooth or rough they are • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0603/es0603page02.cfm

  5. Layering • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0610/es0610page04.cfm

  6. 3 types of rocks • Igneous Rocks • Metamorphic Rocks • Sedimentary Rocks

  7. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rocks form directly from the cooling of magma. • http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/igneous.htm

  8. Metamorphic Rocks • The metamorphic rock gets the name from "meta" (change) and "morph" (form). • The rock is moved into an environment in which the minerals which make up the rock become unstable. In most cases, this involves burial which leads to a rise in temperature and pressure. • http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/metamorph.htm

  9. Sedimentary Rocks • In most places on the surface, the igneous rocks which make up the majority of the crust are covered by a thin layer of loose sediment, and the rock which is made as layers of this debris get compacted and cemented together. • http://www.fi.edu/fellows/fellow1/oct98/create/sediment.htm

  10. Rock Cycle • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm

  11. Smaller rocks come from the breakdown of larger rocks through the action of plants and weathering

  12. Soil

  13. Composition • Soil is made of: • Small rocks • Decomposed pieces of plants and animals • Dead plants • Dead animals • Products of plants and animals • Animal waste

  14. Properties of Soil • Color • Is it dark or light? • Capacity to retain water • Does it hold a lot of water? • Capacity to grow plants • Does the soil have nutrients like nitrogen to help plants grow well? • Texture • How does it feel?

  15. Which is clay? Which is sand?

  16. Soil is also found in layers like rocks, with topsoil on top. • Each layer is called a horizon • http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es1206/es1206page02.cfm?chapter_no=investigation

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