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Luther Leads the Reformation. Objectives: Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation. Trace Martin Luther’s role in the movement to reform the Catholic Church. Analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.
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Luther Leads the Reformation Objectives: Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation. Trace Martin Luther’s role in the movement to reform the Catholic Church. Analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt. Explain the spread of the Protestant faith to England.
The Reformation • Reformation: movement for religious reform • This is when people leave the Catholic Church and PROTESTANT churches are formed • Root word of protestant? PROTEST • People protest the Catholic Church
Causes of the Reformation 1. Renaissance • Printing press spreads secular(non-religious) ideas. More people can read/interpret the Bible 2. Corruption in Catholic Church • Pope spent lots of $$ • Priests/popes broke vows • Sold indulgences 3. Merchants don’t like paying church taxes 4. Kings/Royals: want more power/wealth A Renaissance era printing press.
Luther Challenges the Church • Martin Luther (1483-1546) – German monk responsible for reforming the church • Luther was angry over the church practice of selling indulgences • Indulgence – A religious pardon that released a sinner from performing the penalty that a priest imposed for sins A portrait of Luther circa 1529.
The 95 Theses • In 1517 Luther wrote 95 theses attacking the “pardon-merchants” • He posted these statements on the door of the church • Theses were copied and spread all over Europe Luther nailing his 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg church.
The Response to Luther • The Church considered Luther a serious threat • Luther recommended the removal of the pope • Was excommunicated as a result • Many northern German princes supported Luther • Those princes that supported Luther signed a protest against the agreement • The protesting princes became known as Protestants • Protestant – Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches Charles V ordered all of Luther’s writings to be burned.
England Becomes Protestant • Henry VIII Wants a Son • When Henry VIII became king in 1509, he was a devout Catholic • Henry feared that without a male heir, civil war might break out in the event of his death • Was convinced that his wife Catherine would have no more children • Henry wanted to divorce Catherine and take a younger queen • The Pope refused Henry’s request Portrait of Henry VIII circa 1540.
England Becomes Protestant • The Reformation Parliament • In 1529 Henry called Parliament into session and asked it to pass a series of laws that ended the pope’s power in England • Henry divorced Catherine and married Ann Boleyn • Act of Supremacy – Called on people to accept Henry, not the pope, as the head of England’s Church Diagram of Henry's VIII reign relative to his marriages.
Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Died Divorced Beheaded Catherine Parr Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Survived Beheaded Divorced
Consequences of Henry’s Changes • Ann Boleyn was unable to give Henry a male heir • Charged with treason and beheaded • Henry took Jane Seymour as his third wife • Gave him a son • After Henry’s death, each of his three children took turns ruling England • Religious turmoil Elizabeth I , "Darnley Portrait", c. 1575
