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This comprehensive guide explores the three major types of rocks—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic—and their formation processes within the rock cycle. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava and are categorized into intrusive and extrusive types based on their cooling locations. Sedimentary rocks develop from the accumulation and cementation of sediments, while metamorphic rocks arise from existing rocks subjected to heat and pressure. Each rock type plays a vital role in the Earth's geological processes and landscape.
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Igneous Rocks • Forms as Magma or Lava Cools. • Two Types • Intrusive: Forms underground in crust Cools very slowly so crystals have time to grow Looks spotted from crystals • Extrusive: Forms on surface as lava cools Cools very quickly so no crystals has no crystals or is glassy or has air holes.
Sedimentary rocks Form as sediment (weathered rock) piles up and glues together. Two types • Clastic – forms when chunks of rock, mechanical weathering join together. • Chemical – forms when dissolved sediment is left behind when water evaporates.
Metamorphic rock • Form as any type of rock has heat and pressure applied to it.
