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Types of Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions. 3221.3.1, 3221.3.2. Targets. TLW covert word equations to symbolic, vice versa. TLW Identify the reactants, products, and types of different chemical reactions: composition, decomposition, double replacement, single replacement, combustion . Polyatomic Ions.

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Types of Chemical Reactions

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  1. Types of Chemical Reactions 3221.3.1, 3221.3.2

  2. Targets TLW covert word equations to symbolic, vice versa. TLWIdentify the reactants, products, and types of different chemical reactions: composition, decomposition, double replacement, single replacement, combustion.

  3. Polyatomic Ions Most polyatomic ions are negatively charged!! Notice you have 2 polyatomic ions with a positive charge: NH41+ H3O1+

  4. Acids, Bases, and Salts As a rule, acids contain an H atom in a compound that can be lost to form an H+ ion. OH- (hydroxide) is basic. Salts usually form between a metal and a halogen (recall that halogens are known as salt-formers)

  5. Common Acids Hydrobromic acid HBr Hydrochloric acid HCl Hydrosulfuric acid H2S Hydrofluoric acid HF

  6. Naming Acids Binary Acids -contain hydrogen and one other element -hydroelementic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid HBrhydrobromic acid Tertiary Acids (Oxyacids) found in Chem. Cruncher -named after element other than oxygen and hydrogen (*notice polyatomic ions) H2SO4 sulfuric acid H2SO3 sulfurous acid HClO3 chloric acidHClO2chlorous acid HClOhypochlorous acid

  7. Identifying acids and bases from other compounds HCl (aq) hydrochloric acid HCl (s) hydrogen chloride HBr (aq) hydrobromic acid HBr (s) hydrogen bromide HF (aq) hydrofluoric acid HF (s) hydrogen fluoride (aq) dissolved in water (s) solid (l) liquid (g) or ↑ gas ∆ heat has been added ↔ reversible reaction

  8. aqueous sodium chloride reacts with aqueous lead (II) nitrate to yield a lead (II) chloride precipitate and aqueous sodium nitrate

  9. aqueous barium nitrate reacts with sulfuric acid [H2SO4(aq)] to yield a barium sulfate precipitate and nitric acid [HNO3(aq)]

  10. silver nitrate reacts in solution with potassium chromate to yield a silver chromate precipitate and soluble potassium nitrate

  11. solid calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid [HCl(aq)] to yield aqueous calcium chloride, carbon dioxide gas, and liquid water

  12. aqueous zinc chloride reacts with dihydrogenmonosulfide gas to yield a zinc sulfide precipitate and hydrochloric acid

  13. Combustion • Chemical reaction in which oxygen (O2) reacts with another element forming carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) C10H8 + 12 O210 CO2 + 4 H2O

  14. Synthesis • A chemical reaction in which two or more simple compounds combine to form a more complicated one A + B  AB 8 Fe + S8 ---> 8 FeS

  15. Decomposition • Chemical reaction in which a complicated compound breaks down into two or more simpler compounds XY  X + Y 2 H2O ---> 2 H2 + O2

  16. Single Displacement • Chemical reaction in which one element trades places with another element in a compound A + XY  AY + X Mg + 2 H2O ---> Mg(OH)2 + H2

  17. Double Displacement • A chemical reaction in which the anions and cations of two different molecules switch places, forming two entirely different compounds AB + XY  AY + XB Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI ---> PbI2 + 2 KNO3

  18. Acid-Base • Special kind of double displacement reaction that takes place when an acid and base react with other. • The H+ ion in the acid reacts with the OH- ion in the base, resulting in the formation of water. HA + BOH  H2O + AB HBr + NaOH ---> NaBr + H2O

  19. Guch’s Handy Checklist: Follow this series of questions. When you can answer “yes,” STOP!!! 1)  Does your reaction have oxygen as one of it's reactants and carbon dioxide and water as products? If yes, then it's a combustion reaction 2)  Does your reaction have two (or more) chemicals combining to form one chemical? If yes, then it's a synthesis reaction 3)  Does your reaction have one large molecule falling apart to make several small ones? If yes, then it's a decomposition reaction 4)  Does your reaction have any molecules that contain only one element? If yes, then it's a single displacement reaction 5)  Does your reaction have water as one of the products? If yes, then it's an acid-base reaction 6)  If you haven't answered "yes" to any of the questions above, then you've got a double displacement reaction

  20. Practice 1)  NaOH + KNO3 --> NaNO3 + KOH 2)  CH4 + 2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O 3)  2 Fe + 6 NaBr --> 2 FeBr3 + 6 Na 4)  CaSO4 + Mg(OH)2 --> Ca(OH)2 + MgSO4 5)  NH4OH + HBr --> H2O + NH4Br 6)  Pb + O2 --> PbO2 7)  Na2CO3 --> Na2O + CO2

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