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THE FEMALE URINARY SYSTEM

THE FEMALE URINARY SYSTEM. Prepared by: Dr. Areefa SM Albahri. Introduction. The principal function of the urinary system, together with other body systems, is to maintain homeostasis.

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THE FEMALE URINARY SYSTEM

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  1. THE FEMALE URINARY SYSTEM Prepared by: Dr. Areefa SM Albahri

  2. Introduction The principal function of the urinary system, together with other body systems, is to maintain homeostasis. One aspect of this function is to rid the body of waste products that accumulate because of cellular metabolism. The urinary tract begins with the kidneys, and continues as a passage for urine in the ureters, the bladder and the urethra.

  3. Parts of Renal System • Kidneys • Ureter • Bladder • Urethra

  4. The kidneys • The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped excretory glands that have both endocrine and exocrine functions. They are about 10 cm long, 6.5 cm wide and 3 cm thick and weigh around 100 g. Although similar in shape, the left kidney is a longer and more slender organ than the right kidney. Congenital absence of one or both kidneys, known as unilateral or bilateral renal agenesis.

  5. Functions • regulation of the water balance • regulation of blood pressure • regulation of PH of the blood • Secretion of hormones & elimination of toxins • regulation of the osmotic pressure of the blood. • Vitamin D activation and Ca. balance

  6. Position and relations The kidneys are in the posterior of the abdominal cavity. They extend approximately from vertebra T11 superiorly to L3 inferiorly. The right kidney is located slightly lower than the left kidney because of the contents of the abdominal cavity. An adrenal gland sits on top of each kidney.

  7. Kidneys

  8. Endocrine activity • The kidney secretes two hormones Renin & erythropoietin • The renin is secreted when the blood supply to the kidneys is reduced and in response to lowered Na levels • The kidneys act on angiotensinogen, which is present in the blood ,the kidney produce erythropoietin in response to low O2 levels that stimulate an increase production of RBC from bone marrow

  9. Urine • Urine is a liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination (or micturition) and excreted through the urethra. • Urine usually acids contain no glucose, nor blood cell or bacteria. The amber color is due to the bile pigment urobilin and it vary depend on the saturation

  10. Characteristic of urine

  11. Other Parts of Renal System • Nephrons – functional unit of kidney. Each kidney is formed of about one million nephrons. • Glomerulus – filters the blood • Bowman’s Capsule – is a large double walled cup. It lies in the renal cortex • Tubular Component – necessary substances are being reabsorbed

  12. Loop of Henle – create a concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney. - reabsorb water and important nutrients in the filtrate. • Renal Vein – a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood out of the kidneys • Renal Artery – supply clean, oxygen-rich blood to the kidneys • Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland) – located on top of the kidneys and is essential for balancing salt and water in the body

  13. Three process in Urine Formation

  14. Glomerular filtration • Beginning of the process. • A process by which the blood courses through the glomeruli, much of its fluid, containg both useful chemicals and dissolve waste materials, soaks out the blood through membranes where it is filtered and then flows into Bowman’s capsule.

  15. Tubular Reabsorption • A movement of substances out of the renal tubules back into the blood capillaries located around the tubules (peritubular capillaries).

  16. Tubular Secretion • disposing of substances not already in the filtrate (drugs) • eliminating undesirable substances that have been reabsorbed by passive processes (urea and uric acid) • ridding the body of excess potassium ions • controlling pH

  17. Glomerular Filtration Rate • is the amount of fluid filtered from the blood into the capsule each minute. Factors governing the filtration rate at the capillary beds are: • 1. total surface area available for filtration • 2. filtration membrane permeability • 3. net filtration pressure

  18. URINARY SYSTEM Kidneys Urinary Tract (ureter) Arteries and Veins Urinary Bladder

  19. Kidney Hilus Lobules

  20. Nephrons Kidney Nephron Nephron tubule

  21. Renal Blood flow Lobular arteries Renal artery Segmental arteries Hilus

  22. Urine Formation

  23. Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion Water conservation

  24. Urinary Tract (ureter) Urinary Bladder Urethra

  25. Summary • Kidneys performed as the body’s main Excretory function by filtering the blood and selectively reabsorbed those materials that are needed to maintain a stable internal environment. • Nephrons is the functional unit of the kidneys. It is composed by a glomerulus which filters the blood and the tubular component where necessary substances are reabsorbed into the the blood stream and the unneeded materials are secreted into the tubular filtrate for elimination and urine.

  26. Thank you 

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