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EAP 12 : A. Vocabulary in Use

EAP 12 : A. Vocabulary in Use. EAP 12 : B. Describing a Process. What do you think this picture represents?. Listen to the text read by your tutor. Label the diagram below and make notes on anything you hear that you think is important.

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EAP 12 : A. Vocabulary in Use

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  1. EAP 12 : A. Vocabulary in Use

  2. EAP 12 : B. Describing a Process

  3. What do you think this picture represents?

  4. Listen to the text read by your tutor. Label the diagram below and make notes on anything you hear that you think is important.

  5. Use the diagram and your notes to describe the process described to a partner.

  6. Chungungo Experiment Villages along the north coast of Chile 1_________________ [always suffer] from water shortages, despite the fact that the region 2__________ [have] abundant cloud cover and low-lying fog. These weather conditions 3______________ [cause] by warm and cold air currents meeting together. However, the presence of cloud and fog 4 ______________ [not / result] in rain because both 5________________ [evaporate] by the hot sun. An interesting solution to the problem 6_________________ [test] currently in the small village of Chungungo. Using local materials, researchers 7_____________ [recently manage] to improve on centuries-old method for 8_____________ [capture] the water droplets in the fog. The method involves 9 _________ [use] cheap plastic nets 10___________ [catch] the moisture. The re-designed nets are bigger and more efficient than the old wooden nets 11_________ [be]: each can 12__________ [collect] 40 gallons of water a day. The procedure works as follows: as the fog 13________ [develop], the water 14____________ [trap] in the net and then 15_________ [flow] into large troughs. The water can then 16______________ [send] along pipes to a large water tank. Here, it 17_____________ [treat] with chemicals 18___________ [kill] dangerous bacteria. It is hoped that this system 19____________ [supply] enough water for the entire community's personal and agricultural needs. The advantages of the procedure is that it is cheap and easy 20_______ [build], and non-polluting. Studies 21_____________ [currently/ undertake] to see if the system can 22_____________ [adapt] for non-coastal regions as well.

  7. Chungungo Experiment : Key Villages along the north coast of Chile have always suffered from water shortages, despite the fact that the region has abundant cloud cover and low-lying fog. These weather conditions are caused by warm and cold air currents meeting together. However, the presence of cloud and fog does not result in rain because both are evaporated by the hot sun. An interesting solution to the problem is currently being tested in the small village of Chungungo. Using local materials, researchers have recently managed to improve on centuries-old method for capturing the water droplets in the fog. The method involves using cheap plastic nets to catch the moisture. The re-designed nets are bigger and more efficient than the old wooden nets used to be: each can collect 40 gallons of water a day. The procedure works as follows: as the fog develops, the water is trapped in the net and then flows into large troughs. The water can then be sent along pipes to a large water tank. Here, it is treated with chemicals to kill dangerous bacteria. It is hoped that this system will supply enough water for the entire community's personal and agricultural needs. The advantages of the procedure is that it is cheap and easy to build, and non-polluting. Studies are currently being undertaken to see if the system can be adapted for non-coastal regions as well.

  8. EAP 12 : C. CAUSE AND EFFECT

  9. CAUSE SIGNAL WORDS & EXPRESSIONS Coordinators: after a comma, before a clause, only possible between two clauses - For Subordinators: no comma, before a clause, possible at the beginning or middle of two clauses - Because - Since - As Others - Result from / Be the result of (verb phrases) - Due to / Because of / As a result of / As a consequence of (no comma, before a noun phrase, possible at the beginning or middle of a sentence) - The effect of / The consequence of (at the start of a sentence, followed by a cause and then the effect)

  10. EFFECT SIGNAL WORDS & EXPRESSIONS Transition words and phrases: start a new sentence and are followed by a clause - as a result, as a consequence, therefore, thus, consequently, hence, because of this, due to this Coordinators: in the middle of two clauses - so Others - Result in / cause / have an effect on / affect (verb phrases) - the cause of / the reason for (use in the structure X NOUN PHRASE is the cause of Y NOUN PHRASE) - thereby (most frequently used in front of –ing phrases, thereby follows a comma at the end of a cause clause)

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