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DNA and Protein Synthesis

DNA and Protein Synthesis. DNA Replication. Transcription. the synthesis (making) of RNA from a DNA template mRNA (messengerRNA) Promoters in DNA signal starting point (and ending point). Location, location, location…. DNA stays in the nucleus mRNA travels to the cytoplasm

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DNA and Protein Synthesis

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  1. DNA and Protein Synthesis

  2. DNA Replication

  3. Transcription • the synthesis (making) of RNA from a DNA template • mRNA (messengerRNA) • Promoters in DNA signal starting point (and ending point)

  4. Location, location, location… • DNA stays in the nucleus • mRNA travels to the cytoplasm • How does it get out of the nucleus? • Nuclear pores

  5. DNA vs RNA (mRNA)

  6. Translation • final step in synthesizing protein from DNA • Occurs in the cytoplasm • It is the synthesis of proteins directed by a mRNA template

  7. Translation • Codons in mRNA • How many nucleotides make up one codon? • AUG is the “start codon” in mRNA • UAA, UGA, UAG are the “stop codons” in mRNA • Every codon has an anticodon • Every anticodon carries an amino acid • Therefore; codons code for amino acids** • Amino acid are the monomers for protein

  8. Recognize the nitrogen bases from mRNA?

  9. Translation

  10. tRNA (transfer)

  11. Amino acids • 20 different amino acids • Order of amino acids gives different polypeptides • Polypeptides can be hundreds of amino acids long Show video*

  12. Amino Acid Wheel

  13. Amino Acid chart (same as wheel)

  14. Polypeptide chain (made of amino acids) is folded… • to form a protein! Protein Polypeptide chain

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