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DNA and Protein Synthesis

Understand nucleotides, DNA structure, RNA types, genetic mutations, enzymes, and more in the process of protein synthesis. Explore key concepts in genetics and molecular biology.

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DNA and Protein Synthesis

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  1. DNA and Protein Synthesis

  2. Name the components of a nucleotide.

  3. Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

  4. How many different nucleotides are there?

  5. Eight

  6. Name all pyrimidines. How many rings do they have?

  7. Cytosine, thymine, uracil (1 ring)

  8. How is the sugar in DNA different from the sugar in RNA?

  9. Ribose has one more oxygen than deoxyribose

  10. What type of bond holds together the two sides of the double helix?

  11. Hydrogen bonds

  12. Which two enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

  13. DNA helicase and DNA polymerase

  14. Name the three types of RNA

  15. Messenger RNA • Transfer RNA • Ribosomal RNA

  16. List the 3 parts of the central dogma.

  17. Replication Transcription Translation

  18. Use the amino acid chart and find the amino acid for the following DNA segment: C G A

  19. Alanine • (CGA gets transcribed to GCU in mRNA)

  20. Name 2 chemical mutagens

  21. tobacco, formaldehyde, asbestos, arsenic, benzene

  22. If DNA is cut into 7 fragments, how many restriction sites were there?

  23. 6 sites

  24. Name the chromosomal mutations.

  25. Deletion • Duplication (or insertion) • Inversion • Translocation

  26. Who took X ray diffraction pictures of DNA?

  27. Wilkins and Franklin

  28. What did Hershey and Chase use in their famous experiment?

  29. Bacteriophages

  30. How can millions of copies of DNA be produced from small samples?

  31. Polymerase Chain Reaction

  32. Name 2 types of enzymes involved in genetic engineering.

  33. Restriction enzymes • DNA ligase • DNA polymerase (in PCR)

  34. What is the name for a segment of noncoding DNA in the middle of a gene?

  35. Intron

  36. Suspect 3

  37. A closed loop of DNA in a bacterial cell is a ______

  38. Plasmid

  39. In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move from _____ electrode to _____ electrode, and _________ pieces move the farthest.

  40. From – to +, small pieces move farthest.

  41. What DNA corresponds to methionine?

  42. TAC

  43. What is useful about the Bt gene?

  44. Makes crops resistant to insects

  45. Which is a silent mutation? A) TTT to TAT B) GAC to AAC • CCA to CAA • All of these • None of these

  46. B is silent • A) TTT to TAT AAA (lysine) to AUA (isoleucine) • B) GAC to AAC CUG (leucine) to UUG (leucine) • C) CCA to CAA GGU (glycine) to GUU (valine)

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