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Analyzing the Disappearing Features of Southern Dialects and the Southern Shift

This project investigates the fading distinctions in Southern dialects, focusing on phonetic variations such as "four" vs. "for," "dew" vs. "do," and "which" vs. "witch." We conduct a cross-dialectal comprehension gating experiment to examine how speakers from various Southern regions interpret these sounds. Through detailed vowel system analysis and the Southern Shift's impact, we highlight the changes in vowel pronunciation and the monophthongization of /ay/. The findings aim to understand regional and historical linguistic changes in Southern American English.

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Analyzing the Disappearing Features of Southern Dialects and the Southern Shift

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  1. Remnants of disappearing Southern dialect features: areas maintaining the distinction of four vs. for, dew vs. do, which vs. witch and vocalization of /r/

  2. Project on Cross-Dialectal Comprehension: Gating Experiment 2 Word Phrase Sentence 1. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 2. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 3. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 4. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 5. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 6. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 7. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 8. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 9. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 10. ________ ________________ ___________________________

  3. The Southern Shift sit seat set sat ate sight

  4. The Southern Shift hit kids beatin’ set bed Danny grade Guy wipin’

  5. The Southern Shift

  6. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Thelma M., 31, Birmingham, TS 341

  7. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Thelma M., 31, Birmingham, TS 341

  8. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Lucy C., 35, Chattanooga, Tennessee, TS 612

  9. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Lucy C., 35, Chattanooga, Tennessee, TS 612

  10. The Southern Shift hit kids beatin’ beatin’ set bed grade Danny Guy wipin’

  11. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Belle M., 67 [1995], Birmingham TS 340

  12. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Sheldon M, 31, [1996], Lubbock TX, TS 542

  13. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Matthew D., 45, [1996], Charlotte NC, TS 483

  14. Map 18.2. The South defined by monophthongization of /ay/

  15. Fig. 18.1. Percent monophthongization of /ay/

  16. Map 18.4. Monophthongization of /ay/ in 1940s and 1990s

  17. Map 18.6. Stages 2 and 3 of the Southern Shift

  18. Fig. 18.2. Outer limits of stage 1 of the Southern Shift

  19. Figure 18.2. The second stage of the Southern Shift

  20. Stage 2 of the Southern Shift

  21. Figure 18.4. The third stage of the Southern Shift

  22. Fig. 18.9. The Southern Shift of /ay/, /ey/ and /iy/ highlighted in the normalized means of 402 Telsur speakers displayed by Plotnik Major

  23. Fig. 18.6. Percent back upglide with /oh/

  24. Figure 18.5. The Southern Shift and the low back upglide

  25. Fig. 18.6. Percent back upglide with /oh/

  26. The Southern Shift sit seat set sat ate Southern England, Australia, New Zealand, Outer Banks (U.S.) sight Southern U.S.

  27. Southern Shift correlations

  28. Areas of borderers settlement[Hackett 1989]

  29. Settlement patterns of four regional cultures Yankee Virginia Quaker Upland South Settlement Towns Plantations Farm Isolated villages clusters House location Roadside Setback Corner- Creek clusters & spring Internal Low Moderate High Very high migration Persistence 75-96% 50-75% 40-60% 25-40% David Hackett Fisher, Albion’s Seed, p. 814

  30. Slave and free states

  31. Confederate States of America[light green: claimed but no formal control

  32. The Midland and South re-defined on the basis of phonology

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