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Civil Engineering is Everywhere

Civil Engineering is Everywhere. Branches of Civil Engineering. Surveying Transportation Engg Geotechnical or Soil Mechanics Environmental Engg Structural Engg Quantity Surveying Construction Management and Project Management Irrigation Fluid Mechanics Town Planning Remote Sensing.

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Civil Engineering is Everywhere

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  1. Civil Engineering is Everywhere • Branches of Civil Engineering. • Surveying • Transportation Engg • Geotechnical or Soil Mechanics • Environmental Engg • Structural Engg • Quantity Surveying • Construction Management and Project Management • Irrigation • Fluid Mechanics • Town Planning • Remote Sensing

  2. BRANCHES OF CIVIL Housing – 1) Surveying 2) Construction Management 3) Quantity Surveying 4) Structural Engg 5) Geotechnical and Foundation Engg 6) Earthquake Engg 7) Town Planning 8) Remote Sensing Water - 1) Irrigation Engg 2) Fluid Mechanics 3) Environmental Engg Transportation – 1) Roadways 2 ) Railways 3) Airways 4) Waterways

  3. Surveying • Def Surveying:- * Relative Point * Prepare Maps * Linear and Angular Measurements * Leveling • Classification of Surveying- * Plane Surveying * Geodetic Surveying • Types of Surveying - * Based on Purpose * Based on Instruments • Principals of Surveying – • Work from Whole to part • To Locate a pt by atleast 2 independent measurements.

  4. TYPES – Based on Purpose – 1) Topographic Surveying – Natural and Artificial Features like hills, Lakes, Roads, Villages, Railway tracks……. Etc.2) Cadcestral Surveying – Boundaries of Fields, Houses, Plots…3) City Survey – boundaries of plots, watersupply, sanitary…..4) Route Surveying - ……………5) Mine Surveying – Underground material…..6) Hydrographic Surveying – Nature of Bed Surface.Based on Instruments – 1) Chain Survey2) Compass Survey3) Chain and Compass Survey4) Theodolite Survey5) Tachometric Surveying6) Plane Table Surveying7) Electronic Distance Meter Surveying.

  5. Applications Of Surveying1) Plans and Maps2) Measure Area of Plot or Land3) Horizontal and vertical Measurements4) CONTOUR Maps5) Selection of Suitable site6) Quantity of Earth Work7) Capacity of Reservoir…….. And many more…….

  6. Structural Engg. • Structural engineers design steel, concrete, timber framed structures such as: • Tall buildings, towers • Bridges • Chimneys, Tanks • Retaining walls, foundations • Stadiums …….. Etc… • Calculates LOAD on Structure

  7. TYPES OF LOADS • Dead Load • Live Load • Wind Load • Earthquake Load.

  8. Classification of STRUCTURES • RCC • Steel Structure (HW…) Application of Structural Engineering??????

  9. EnvironmentalEngineering. • It’s also “PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING” • It’s the branch which deals with • Water Supply Engg • Sanitary System Engg • Environmental Pollution

  10. Applications of Environmental Engg • Testing Quality of Water for diff. purposes. • Design – Water Treatment Plant • Design – Sewage Treatment Plant • Study Population and design proposed projects. • Control and Reduce POLLUTION • Dispose Waste….etc..

  11. Transportation • Transportation Engineers design and analyze • Roadways • Railways • Airports • Waterways • Parking Lots • Traffic Control Signal Systems.

  12. ROADWAYS Classification of Roadways – • According to IRC • Expressway • National Highway (NH) • State Highway (SH) • Major District Road (MDR) • Village Road (VR) • According to Material used for Construction • Bituminous Road or Tar Road • Concrete Road • Water Bound Macadem Road (WBM) • Earth Work.

  13. Classification according to IRC Expressway – (HW) ??????? National Highway – • Run through LENGTH and WIDTH of Country • Connects Capitals • 2 Lane • Width – 7 to 15 m • Fast and Heavy Loaded traffic. State Highway – • Connects Major Cities to NH • 2 lane or some times 1 • Width – 7 to 10 m • Used for fast Traffic

  14. Major District Road – - Connecting District places to taluka, main cities, major market places in cities - Width 5 to 8 m - Use of Moderate TrafficVillage Roads - - Connects Village to taluka, village to nearest railway station, village to village… - EARTH ROAD or KUTCHA ROAD- Light and Slow moving Vehicles- (Bullock Cart Road)

  15. Home Work --------Write min 3 Examples of each type of Roadways according to IRC…

  16. Classification based on Material

  17. Classification based on Material Bituminous Road or TAR Road • Tar is a Binding Material • Easily Repaired and Maintained • Due to Bitumen Layer Wearing surface is small • Life is Short

  18. Concrete Road - Wearing surface is Cement Concrete - Rigid Pavement - Life is High as strength is high. - Difficult to repair and Maintain - HIGH COST.

  19. Water Bound Macadam Road - • Base Course of Bitumen or Concrete • Constructed with 2 to 3 layers of aggregates and soil material • Normally provided on VILLAGE ROAD Earth Road – • Earth material is main Constituent of the road • Kutcha road (Loacally available material) • Formed by trace passers or bullock carts….

  20. HOME WORK……. Any 6 Applications of TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING???

  21. RAILWAYS • It is also called as ‘ PERMAENT WAY’ Cross Section of Permanent Way.

  22. Gauge: -The Clear Distance between the inner faces of Rails Indian Railways are divided in 3 types based on Gauge Broad Gauge - 1.676m Meter Gauge - 1.000m Narrow Gauge - 0.762m I.R. divided in Different 8 Zones 1) Northern 5) Western 2) Central 6) North Eastern 3) Southern 7) South Central 4) Eastern 8) South Eastern

  23. HOME WORK….. 1) Short Note on Construction of Permanent way? 2) Comparison between ROADWAYS and RAILWAYS…… (4 mrks)

  24. Geotechnical OR Soil Mechanics • Geotechnical engineering is essential for a safe and secure structure. • Deals with SOIL Study • Behavior of Soil under applied LOAD • TESTS – • Trials Pits • Plate Load Test

  25. Application of Geotechnical Engg. • Properties of Soil • Classification of Soil • Bearing Capacity of Soil • Design of Earth Dam ------EG?????? • Study of different SOIL STRATA • Capability of SUB- GRADE of road. • Design of FOUNDATION in any type of soil • Analyze the WATER SEEPAGE for Dams

  26. Quantity Surveying • Deals with measuring various Quantities and Probable cost of Construction. • CLASSICATION:-

  27. Estimation – To find/ Calculate the ‘approximate cost’ of Construction. Valuation – Determining the ‘PRESENT VALUE’ of existing property. (HOME WORK…….) • Difference between Estimation and Valuation (Min 5 Pts.) • Applications of Q.S ???? (6 pts.)

  28. Fluid Mechanics or Hydraulics • Water management involves the use of hydraulic principles to design: • Water Retaining Structures like DAMS, Canals, Weirs, Water Tanks…… • Hydraulic machines like CP, RP, Turbines etc. • Gates of Dam, Valves to regulate water flow • Spillway • Ship/ Boat • Measure Velocity, viscosity, pressure, discharge of flow……..

  29. Def. FLUID ???? Types of Fluid – • Ideal Fluid – No Viscosity, Surface Tension, and Incompressible (Imaginary Fluid) • Real Fluid – Having VISCOSITY Classification –

  30. HOME WORK…….. • APPLICATIONS of Fluid Mechanics?????

  31. Construction Management • The job of a construction manager is to: • Provide quality control and insure project is completed on time . • Within budget. • 4 M’s • Men • Money • Material • Machine • Constuction of Structure Divided in 2 parts • SUBSTRUCTURE • SUPERSTRUCTURE

  32. Applications.......... 1) Use of Modern Techniques, Machinery for SAFE and SPEEDY work. 2) Use od Modern Material in Special Construction Work like DAMS and TUNNELS 3) Plan the project and decided the sequence 4) Control Labours 5) Economical 6) Good Quality of Work

  33. Irrigation Engineering 1) Process of Supplying Water for • Agriculture • Domestics • Industries 2) Construction of DAMs Reservoirs, Weirs…. 3) Management of Water:- train the farmers for OPTIMUM use of Water. 4) Natural Source of Water (HW) - Application of Irrigation Engg.??????

  34. EARTHQUAKE Engg. • Earthquake is a destructive and deadly natural phenomenon. • Deals with Seismic Zones and their effects on the structure. • “SHIFTING Of EARTH” – Design of Foundation • Study of Load On Building – DYNAMIC • Earthquake PROTECTION- • Compact Rectangular Plan • All Building Parts Tied Together • Parapet or any PROJECTION should not be more than 750 mm • Safe distance bet 2 structures • Provide Strong FOUNDATION resting on HARD STRATA.

  35. ROLE OF CIVIL ENGINEER IN DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTION WORKS…..

  36. Role of C.E. in Const. of BUILDING • Planning and preparing a drawing and its approval • Preparation of Design • Estimating and Costing • Study of Foundation • Testing, Supervision and execution • Maintenance

  37. Role of C.E. in Const. of DAM’s • Site Selection • Conduct various Surveys and Collection of Various Data • Study of Foundation • Study of Catchment Area • Reservoir Capacity • Selection of DAM • Structural and Hydraulic Design • Estimate • Testing Supervision Execution and maintenances • Socio Economic ROLE (Political and Social)

  38. Role of C.E. in Const. of EXPRESS WAYs • Planning and Surveying • Alignment of Road • Contour Plan • Design of Road and Pavement • Estimate of Road • Construction and testing of Express Way • Maintenance

  39. Importance of Interdisciplinary Approach in Engg.

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