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Medical Terminology

Chapter 6: Urinary System. Medical Terminology. Chapter 6 Abbreviations. ARF CRF GFR UTI BUN cath cysto. = acute renal failure = chronic renal failure = glomerular filtration rate (most common number used to DX renal failure) = urinary tract infection = blood urea nitrogen

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Chapter 6: Urinary System Medical Terminology

  2. Chapter 6 Abbreviations • ARF • CRF • GFR • UTI • BUN • cath • cysto = acute renal failure = chronic renal failure = glomerular filtration rate (most common number used to DX renal failure) = urinary tract infection = blood urea nitrogen = catheter = cystoscopy

  3. Chapter 6 Abbreviations • IVP • KUB • Ua, UA • FUO • GU • I&O = intravenous pyelogram = kidneys – ureter – bladder = urinalysis = fever of undetermined origin = genitourinary = intake and output (only measures liquids)

  4. The Urinary System • The Function • Removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid • Consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

  5. The Urinary System • Organs of the urinary system • Kidneys • Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. • Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance

  6. The Urinary System • Parts of the Kidney • Nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. (Approx. 1 million nephrons located in each kidney) • Glomerulus: cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. (Process of filtering blood/producing urine begins here) • Renal pelvis: funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter • Hilum: indention on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney

  7. The Urinary System • Ureters • Two slender tubes, approx. 10-13 in. long, that receive the urine from the kidney and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder • Urinary Bladder • Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily hold the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size

  8. The Urinary System • Urethra • Lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. This narrow tube varies in length by sex. (~1.5 in. in females, ~ 8 in. in males) • In males, it is also part of the reproductive system, as it carries seminal fluid at the time of ejactulation • Urinary meatus • Opening through which the urine passes to the outside

  9. The Urinary System

  10. The Urinary System

  11. Word Parts for Urinary System Combining Form Definition • cyst/o, vesic/o • glomerul/o • meat/o • nephr/o, ren/o • pyel/o • ureter/o • urethr/o • bladder, sac • glomerus • meatus (opening) • kidney • renal pelvis • ureter • urethra

  12. Word Parts commonly usedwith Urinary System Combining Form Definition • albumin/o • blast/o • glyc/o, glycos/o • hydr/o • lith/o • noct/i • olig/o • son/o • tom/o • urin/o, ur/o • albumin • developing cell, germ cell • sugar • water • stone • night • scanty, few • sound • cut, section • urine, urinary tract

  13. Word Parts for Urinary System Suffix Definition • -gram • -iasis, -esis • -lysis • -megaly • -ptosis • -rrhaphy • -tripsy • -trophy • -uria • record, radiographic image • condition • loosening, destruction, separating • enlargement • drooping, sagging, prolapse • suturing, repairing • surgical crushing • nourishment, development • urine, urination

  14. Word Parts forUrinary System Suffix Definition • lithiasis • lithotomy • condition of stones • incision to remove a stone

  15. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • cystitis • cystocele • cystolith • glomerulonephritis • hydronephrosis • nephritis • inflammation of the bladder • protrusion of the bladder • stone in the bladder • inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney • abnormal condition of water in the kidney (distention of the renal pelvis with urine because of an obstruction) • inflammation of a kidney

  16. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • nephroblastoma • nephrohypertrophy • nephrolithiasis • nephroma • nephromegaly • nephroptosis • pyelitis • pyelonephritis • kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant tumor) • excessive development of the kidney • condition of stone(s) in the kidney • tumor of the kidney • enlargement of a kidney • drooping kidney • inflammation of the renal pelvis • inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

  17. Med Terms (from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • ureteritis • ureterocele • ureterolithiasis • ureterostenosis • urethrocystitis • inflammation of the ureter • protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder) • condition of stones in the ureters • narrowing of the ureter • inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

  18. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Disease & Disorders] Term Definition • renal calculus • renal failure • urinary retention • urinary suppression • urinary tract infection (UTI) • stone in the kidney • loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance • abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate • sudden stoppage of urine formation • infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

  19. Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • cystectomy • cystolithotomy • cystorrhaphy • cystostomy • cystotomy, vesicotomy • lithotripsy • meatotomy • excision of the bladder • incision of the bladder to remove a stone • suturing the bladder • creating an artificial opening in the bladder • incision of the bladder • surgical crushing of a stone • incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

  20. Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • nephrectomy • nephrolithotomy • nephrolithotripsy • nepholysis • nephropexy • nephrostomy • pyelolithotomy • excision of a kidney • incision of the kidney to remove a stone • surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney • separating the kidney (from other body structures) • surgical fixation of the kidney • creation of an artificial opening into the kidney • incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

  21. Med Terms (from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • pyeloplasty • ureterectomy • ureterostomy • urethroplasty • vesicourethral suspension • surgical repair of the renal pelvis • excision of a ureter • creation of an artificial opening in the ureter • surgical repair of the urethra • suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

  22. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Surgical Terms] Term Definition • renal transplant • surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney

  23. Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING • cystogram • cystography • intravenous urogram • nephrogram • nephrography • radiographic image of the bladder • radiographic imaging of the bladder • radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium injected intravenously) (intravenous pyelogram[IVP]) • radiographic image of the kidney • radiographic imaging of the kidney (renogram)

  24. Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • nephrosonography • nephrotomogram • renogram • process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test) • sectional radiographic image of the kidney • (graphic) record of the kidney • a nuclear med. test produced by radioactivity after injecting a radiopharmaceutical, or radioactive material into the blood • also called renal scan or nephrogram

  25. Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition • retrograde urogram • voiding cystourethrography • radiographic image of the urinary tract • retrograde means to move in a direction opposite from normal; contrast medium is instilled through urethral catheters by a cytoscope • radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra • radiopaque dye is instilled in the bladder. Radiographic images called voiding cystourethrograms are taken of the bladder and during urination of the dye

  26. Med Terms (from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition ENDOSCOPY • cystoscope • cytoscopy • nephroscopy • ureteroscopy • urethroscope • instrument used for visual examination of the bladder • visual examination of the bladder • visual examination of the kidney • visual examination of the ureter • instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

  27. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Diagnostic Terms] Term Definition LABORATORY • blood urea nitrogen (BUN) • urinalysis (UA) • a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function • an increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction • multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen

  28. Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • albuminuria • anuria • diuresis • dysuria • glycosuria • albumin in the urine • albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem • absence of urine (failure of the kidney to produce urine) • condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine) • difficult or painful urination • sugar (glucose) in the urine

  29. Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • hematuria • meatal • nephrologist • nephrology • nocturia • oliguria • polyuria • blood in the urine • pertaining to the meatus • a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney • study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with idseases of the kidney • night urination • scanty urine (amount) • much (excessive) urine

  30. Med Terms (from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • pyuria • urinary • urologist • urology • pus in the urine • pertaining to urine • a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract • study of the urinary tract (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system

  31. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • catheter (cath) • distended • enuresis • hemodialysis • flexible, tubelike device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids • stretched out (a bladder is distended when filed with urine) • involuntary urination • procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

  32. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Complimentary Terms] Term Definition • Incontinence • micturate • stricture • urinal • urinary catheterization • void • inabliity to control bladder and/or bowels • to urinate or void • abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture • receptacle for urine • passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine • to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

  33. Med Terms (not from word parts)[Additional Terms] Term Definition • calculus • creatinine • diuretic • sepsis • septic • urea • uremia • stone (pl. = calculi) • waste product • agent that increases the amt. of urine • an infection caused by pathogens, usually bacteria, spreading through bloodstream (also called septicemia) • pertaining to sepsis • waste product • condition of excessive waste products in the blood; renal failure

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