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Internet basics

Internet basics. Eng. Mohammad Alenezi mohalenezi@gmail.com http://alenzi.wordpress.com/. Content prepared by Eng. Mohd Alenezi. Table of Content. Introduction what is the internet? the history of the internet What is the world wide web? Terms to be familiar with

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Internet basics

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  1. Internet basics Eng. Mohammad Alenezi mohalenezi@gmail.com http://alenzi.wordpress.com/ Content prepared by Eng. Mohd Alenezi

  2. Table of Content • Introduction • what is the internet? • the history of the internet • What is the world wide web? • Terms to be familiar with • Components of the internet • Internet concepts • The browser • Navigating the web • Subject Directories • Search Engines • Useful sites • E-mail • Using Email • Error Messages • Definitions

  3. What is the Internet? • The Internet is a collection of millions of computers, all linked together on a network to communicate. • The Internet is the largest and most well known computer network in the world.

  4. INTRODUCTION • Home computer links to internet through: • Phone • Wi-Fi • Wireless • DSL Modem ISP (internet service provider) • In business computers have (NIC)Network Interface Card LAN (local area network) High speed ISP = 1.5 mb/s while normal phone = 30 – 50 kb/s largest ISP connect through Fiber (undersea, satellite)

  5. Modem A device used to attach your computer to telephone system , convert data into sound which is sent over the telephone line, the receiving modem turn the sound into data which computer can understand

  6. Computer Networks and the Internet • A network is two or more intelligent devices connected by communication link or wirelessly • Network is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together so that users can share hardware, software and data. LAN (local area network) Local network connecting computers within the same building WAN (wide area network) more than one local network connecting together

  7. Wireless network

  8. Networks examples

  9. The history of Internet • 1965- the U.S. Defense research program to develop communication protocols • 1968 - First generation of networking hardware and software • 1969 - ARPANET connects first 4 universities in the United States • 1970 – 1973 ARPANET successes to allow scientists to share data • 1971 - The ARPANET grows to 23 hosts connecting universities • 1973 - The ARPANET goes international • 1982 - The term 'Internet' is used for the first time.

  10. 1982 – 87 Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf creates TCP/IP, the common language of all Internet computers • 1986, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), provides a major backbone communication • 1991 - The World Wide Web is born! • 1993 - the first graphics-based Web browser • 1995 - the Internet in commercial hands • 1996 - Nearly 10 million hosts online. The Internet covers the globe

  11. Components of the internet • Email • E-mail addresses uniquely identify a mail user and a mail server, Separated by an @ • No blank spaces are allowed • Telnet • Chat & instant messaging • World Wide Web • Facebook • Twitter

  12. What is the World Wide Web? • The World Wide Web (www) refers to all of the web pages available on all the HTTP web servers on the Internet • protocol based on hypertext developed by Tim Berners-Lee and others • Almost support every protocol available on net • Internet is not the same thing as the World Wide Web • The Internet is the infrastructure for the World Wide Web • The Internet is also the infrastructure for email and file sharing, for instance

  13. Internet concepts • Clients & Servers • IP Addresses • Web Pages • Hypertext • Protocols

  14. Server network • Machines that provides services (web servers, FTP servers) to other machines called servers • The other computers on a network that access network resources through the network server are called clients

  15. IP Addresses & Domain Names • IP Addresses • Each machine on the internet is assigned a unique address (IP) • IP addresses are 32-bit numbers looks: 216.27.61.137 • Every web server on the Internet has an IP address, and your computer has one too. • 149.48.228.139 for www.pbskids.org • Domain name • A domain name is an alias for an IP (Internet Protocol) address: • Domain Name Registrars administer Domain names and IP addresses • Generic TLD's (top level domain): .com, .org, .net, .gov, .mil, and the newer .biz, .info, etc. • Country TLD's: .de = Germany, .sc = Seychelles Island, .kw = ? • www.pbskids.org is a domain name (everything after the protocol up to the next slash, if any) Your browser's address bar will recognize IP addresses just as well as domain names. Every domain name and IP address is unique on the Internet

  16. Web pages • Web sit is a collection of web pages are stored on computers called web servers • Web pages are accessed with a web browser program like Internet Explorer, Safari, Netscape, Firefox or Opera

  17. Hypertext • Hypertext is a document containing words that connect to other documents • A single hypertext can contain links(image, video, audio & text) to many documents • Using language called HTML (HyperText Markup Language) PROTOCOL • In IT a protocol is the special set of rules for communications • On the internet TCP/IP protocols are used: • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) which uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other internet points at the information packet level • IP (Internet Protocol) which uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the internet address level • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

  18. IP Addresses. URL’s and Domain Names http:// http:// www.google.com/ filename /Index.html Protocol web server domain folder page

  19. Terms to Be Familiar With: • WWW (World Wide Web) - all the resources and users on the Internet that are using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). • Browser--Contains the basic software information over the Internet. • Download To copy data from a remote computer to a local computer. • Upload—To send data from a local computer to a remote computer. • E-mail - is the exchange of messages by telecommunication.E-mail can be distributed to lists of people as well as to individuals. However, you can also send non-text files, such as graphic images and sound files, as attachments sent in binary streams. • Home Page - The beginning "page" of any site. • HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - The coding language used to create documents for use on the World Wide Web.

  20. HTTP (HyperText Transport Protocol) - the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web. • Hyperlinks: take you to a different page when you click on them can be text or graphics • Search Engine - A web server that collects data from other web servers and puts it into a database. • TCP/IP -- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet • URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The Internet address. The prefix of a URL indicates which area of the Internet will be accessed. URLs look differently depending on the Internet resource you are seeking. • Address Bar: where you can type a URL of a page you want to see. Contains the URL of the page you are currently viewing • History list: tracks the URL‘ you've visited in the past x weeks • Search sites: Google, Yahoo, Ask

  21. Components of the internet • Internet is made up of • ISP's (internet service provider) • Regional networks (large network) • Backbone networks (major high-speed network) • Web servers AccessingNetworks Needs • Modem or other network adapter • dialup via the public telephone network or broadband such as cable, DSL, satellite • Web browser • ISP: a service that connects you to the Internet • User ID and password to log on

  22. What is a Web Browser? • It’s a basic software enable users in order to travel, find, retrieve, view and send information over the Internet • The most popular browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer ,Netscape Navigator and Mozilla Firefox Menu Bar Title Bar Address Bar Standard Buttons Toolbar

  23. Scroll Bar Frames Status Bar

  24. 11 9 10 8 Toolbars 6 4 5 7 1 2 3 • BackLets you return to pages you've viewed • Forward. Lets you move forward through pages you've viewed using the Back button • Favorites. Displays a list of the sites you have marked • Home. Returns you to your home page. You can designate any Web page as your home page. • Refresh. Updates any Web page stored in your disk cache with the latest content • Stop. Halts the process of downloading a Web page. • Print. Prints the page you're viewing • Search. Displays a choice of popular Internet search engines in the left pane. • Minimize go to smaller window’s view • Maximize go to bigger window’s view • Close window

  25. Boot processing • Power on • Boot “ part of the computer OS loaded into the memory” • Diagnostic • Launches programs “ antivirus, instant messaging” • Start up PC • User interface • Command line • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Windows • Icons • Menus • Toolbars • Taskbar • Hyperlinks • Sizing buttons • Dialog boxes

  26. What is a URL? • URL (Uniform Resource Locater) the combination of protocol, domain name (Or IP address), folder and page (file) name all taken together. • Every server on the Internet has an IP number, a unique number consisting of 4 parts separated by dots The IP number is the server's address. 165.113.245.2 128.143.22.55 • However, it is harder for people to remember numbers than to remember word combinations, so addresses are given "word-based" addresses called URLs. The URL and the IP number are one and the same • The standard way to give the address of any resource on the Internet that is part of the World Wide Web (WWW). A URL looks like this: http://www.matisse.net/seminars.html telnet://well.sf.ca.us gopher://gopher.ed.gov • The URL is divided into sections: transfer/transport protocol :// server (or domain). generic top level domain/path/filename, The first part of a URL defines the transport protocol. • http:// (HyperText Transport Protocol) moves graphical, hypertext files • ftp:// (File Transfer Protocol) moves a file between 2 computers • gopher:// (Gopher client) moves text-based files • news: (News group reader) accesses a discussion group • telnet:// (Telnet client) allows remote login to another computer

  27. Pronouncing internet address • The @ at • The . dot • The / slash • Using favorites Called favorites in Internet Explorer and bookmarks in Netscape, that allows you to save URLs • Searching the web

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