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Seminar on real- world emissions from rwc copenhagen , denmark

Wood- burning stoves in buildings worldwide : local measures to reduce real- world emissions. Seminar on real- world emissions from rwc copenhagen , denmark. Ricardo L. Carvalho, Ole M. Jensen, Luís A. Tarelho Danish Building Research Institute , Aalborg University , Denmark

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Seminar on real- world emissions from rwc copenhagen , denmark

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  1. Wood-burningstoves in buildingsworldwide: local measures to reduce real-world emissions Seminar on real-world emissions from rwc copenhagen, denmark Ricardo L. Carvalho, Ole M. Jensen, Luís A. Tarelho Danish Building Research Institute, Aalborg University, Denmark Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, AveiroUniversity, Portugal rlc@sbi.aau.dk

  2. Wood-burningstoves in buildings Wood-burningstovesthrough ages Wood smoke, exposure and impacts Comparing studies in Europe Outdoor/indoormeasurements Local interventions

  3. Wood-burningstovesthrough the agesOld english: Stofa = enclosedspace = ”stoved in” ADVANCE Control of house and stoves TRADITION Domestication of fire on the ground IMPROVEMENT Control of fire in stoves 1 million years ago Lightning: ”centre of activity” 300.000 years ago Cooking: ”Centre of humans” 200 years ago ”focus” ~home Steel exhaust Tightness 5 years ago Global world ”energy” Insulation Design Controlled venting

  4. More thanany time in the human history!

  5. (Still) Popular traditional WBSs Womencooking and heating in Hymalayas 3-stove fire, Inhabitat, 2014 Recreational heat in Europe Open fire, 2014

  6. Wood smoke, exposure and impacts • Mix of toxicsubstancesincluding CO, TVOCs and • Aerosols includeclimateforcingblackcarbon • PM2.5 is the best single indicator for exposureassociated to: • Child pneumonia • Low birthweight • Chronicpulmunarydisease (COPD) • Lung cancer • Cardiovasculardisease • Others

  7. Largest impact on the mortality Land traffic Industry Agriculture Residential Power generation Biomass burning Nature In cold areas, heating requires more fuel than cooking during the cold days! Residential wood heating is a major source in China and Europe

  8. Household air pollution: outdoor/indoorsmoke ICS-mud heating, Peru Carvalho, 2012 World Health Organization. Global BurdenDisease (2013) World Health Organization (2012)

  9. ”Improvedstoves”: enclosed with chimneynowbecomemore popularin southerncountries Convectiveinsert, Portugal Solzaima, 2015 Wood-log stove, Chile Google, 2015 Lars Mytting. Norwegianchopping, stacking, and dryingwood: The Scandinavian way (2015).

  10. Information on emissions is not comparable!:representingthe real apliance types? ~1.5 Mo installations ~0.7 Mo installations 11 kt PM2.5 17 kt PM2.5 21.920 TJ 35.342 TJ [1] C. Gonçalves, C. Alves, C. Pio. Inventory of fine particulate organic compound emissions from residential wood combustion in Portugal. Atmospheric Environment, 50, 297-306, 2012. [14] Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Housing units of usual residence (No.) by Geographic localization (at the date of Census 2001) and Sewal disposal system; DecennialinPortugal, 2001.

  11. Are thereinconsistencies in the emission factors? [12] Incentive, Forced Technology. Danish Ministry of Environment. Virkemiddelkatalog for NOX, PM2.5, NMVOC og NH3, Miljøprojekt nr. 1514, 2013. [1] C. Gonçalves, C. Alves, C. Pio. Inventory of fine particulate organic compound emissions from residential wood combustion in Portugal. Atmospheric Environment, 50, 297-306, 2012. [18] EMEP, 2013

  12. Simulating real-worldemissionsin differentways? Tunnel in testing centre Denmark, 2010 Tunnel at University of Aveiro Portugal, 2015

  13. 1- Light small and from the top! [5] E.D. Vicente, M.A. Duarte, A.I. Calvo, T.F. Nunes, L. Tarelho, C.A. Alves. Emission of carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons and particulate matter during wood combustion in a stove operating under distinct conditions, 2015.

  14. 2- Usemodernstoves with dry fuels! Particles from local pellets in Aveiro, Cavalho 2015 90% efficiency, Heavy metals in pellets from industrialmaterials Olive pitshigh PM! Automatic stoves, Portugal Cavalho, 2015 EN certified pellets, Portugal Cavalho 2015 Vicente et al. Particulate emissions from the combustion of different biofuels in a pellet stove, Atmospheric Environment, 2015

  15. 3- Design proper interventions!

  16. Householdwood-heating transformation TRADITIONAL ”smouldering” IMPROVED ”burning with flames” ADVANCED ”Ash” High wattage Middle wattage Low wattage Eg. Peru Eg. Spain Eg. Denmark Globally, there are very few evidences on local outdoor/indoor climate effects!

  17. Local woodsmoke and interventions: …fewstudies on ”stovereplacement” only…

  18. New measurements to test household interventions CO, TVOCs variations Particles size ranges PM2.5 temp/RH CPC/temp-RH (UFP) variations outdoors CPC/temp-RH (UFP) variations indoors Low energy house in Oslo, Norway Foto by Barbosa, 2014

  19. 3.a. ”Advanced wood-burning” devices Heta Solar hydronic, Oslo, Norway Foto by Barbosa, 2014 Hwamauto-pilot, Aarhus, Denmark Carvalho, 2014 Digital Manual

  20. 3.b. ”Draft design” & energysavings >50% supply Primary heat! Overheat Overheat Smart control Manual Smart control ca. intake out OLD LEH Heating areabetween120-400 m2

  21. 3.b. ”Draft design” & variations on IAQ IAQ #/cm3 digital Old indoor intake manual New indoor intake Background New outdoor intake Lightning Time (hours) Refilling

  22. Inform on: • How and when to burn? • Proper fuels & stoves! • Chimneys & mantainance • How to design realistic interventions?: • Work on local measures for future buildings! • Provide: • Proper insulation and ventilation systems • Stoves with control of air-inlets • Realisticregulations Billions (worldwide) Low-income • Retrofit: • Heat recovery & chimney integrations • Digital devices • Building sensors Millions (Europe, NA and China) Mid-income Thousands (worldwide) High-income

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