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Classical Greece WAR

Kalen Kattestad Southmoore High School World History. Classical Greece WAR. Beware of Greeks Bearing Gifts. the Trojan war. The Trojan War (c. 1250 BCE). Was fought between Mycenae (Greek) and Troy

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Classical Greece WAR

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  1. Kalen Kattestad Southmoore High School World History Classical GreeceWAR

  2. Beware of Greeks Bearing Gifts the Trojan war

  3. The Trojan War (c. 1250 BCE) • Was fought between Mycenae (Greek) and Troy • Legend says Paris (Prince of Troy) kidnapped the beautiful Helen (Queen of Sparta); this caused the war • We don’t know what she looked like. • She may have been wealthy The Face that launched a thousand ships?

  4. The Trojan War (c. 1250 BCE) • Our information about the war comes mostly from the poet HOMER (c. 8th century BCE) • Blind poet, wrote The Iliadand The Odyssey • His version reads like fiction, with gods and goddesses, sea serpents, and other fantastical creatures. • The Mycenaeans would be attacked by the Dorians and their cultural achievements (including any records of the event) would have been lost.

  5. The Trojan War (c. 1250 BCE) • For years historians did not believe the Trojan war was an actual historical event. • Ruins of Troy were discovered in the 1870s • Until that time, even the existence of Troy was questioned. • Cause of the war was likely an economic struggle over the straits to the Black Sea, a strategic trading spot. • The war lasts about 10 years. • The Greeks win and burn Troy.

  6. The City of Troy • Discovered by an archeologist in the 1870s. • 7 layers of the city were found. • Homer’s Troy was destroyed by the Greeks, but this wasn’t the first or last. The Trojans kept rebuilding in the same spot. Why might they have kept building in the same spot?

  7. The Trojan Horse • Legend states that the Greek soldiers tricked the Trojans into accepting a “gift” of a large wooden horse, with many soldiers inside. • There are depictions of the horse in antiquity. • The Mykonos vase dates back to 670 BCE • It may also have been a battering ram. Troy HG

  8. In which a man runs a Marathon The Persian war

  9. The Persian War (499 BCE to 480 BCE) • The Ionian Greeks rebel against the Persians and Athens sends ships as reinforcement. • Darius I (Persia) sends 40K troops to Athens to punish them for assisting the rebels. • They land at Marathon and are defeated. • Legend states that Phidippides ran 26 miles to Athens to tell of the victory and warn the Athenians. • After the retreat, Themistocles (Athenian leader) urges Athens to spend money building up their military to defend themselves. First Modern Olympic Marathon--1896

  10. The Persian War, 2.0 • In 480 BCE, Xerxes (son of Darius I) attacks the temporary alliance of Sparta and Athens. • Builds a temporary bridge using triremes (boats) so that the troops can cross the Hellespoint.

  11. The Persian War, 2.0 • Thermopylae shows the courage of the Spartans. • A group of 300 defends the pass against the Persian army, giving the rest of the Greeks time to withdraw. • Eventually the warrior-king Leonidas would be defeated and killed along with the rest of the Spartans. "O Stranger, send the news home to the people of Sparta that here we Are laid to rest: the commands they gave us have been obeyed." 300

  12. The Persian War, 2.0 • Battle of Salamis shows the cunning of the Athenians. • The Athens navy lures the Persians into the Straits of Salamis. • They use underwater battering rams to sink the Persian fleet.

  13. Sparta v. Athens. Might v. Wisdom. Monarchy v. Democracy Two City-States Enter. One Way of Life will Leave Victorious Peloponnesian war

  14. Choosing Sides • After the victory in the Persian Wars, Athens maintains an alliance with some of the other city-states: The Delian League. • Athens provides military force, other cities provide the funds. Resentment grew over Athens’ domination of the League • Sparta forms their own league: • The Peloponnesian League. • Rivalry with Athens. • Disagreement on form of govt.

  15. Peloponnesian War (431 BCE to 404 BCE) Athens Sparta Is Inland. Advantage: Sparta Advantage: Sparta Allies with Persia Advantage: Sparta • Has a well-equipped, strong navy. • Pericles lets citizens take shelter within the city walls. Plague breaks out and he and many others die. Sparta defeats and captures Athens but refuses to sack the city. Athens remains the cultural center of Greece, but its power is diminished.

  16. Ushering in a New Age Alexander the Great

  17. Alexander the Great • Son of Phillip II of Macedonia • Conquers Greece (338 BCE) • Killed before he could conquer Persia • Comes to power at the age of 20 • Educated by Aristotle. • Saw Persia was weak, in rebellion. • Quickly conquers much of the region. (334 BCE—326 BCE) • Possibly overextended his power by trying to conquer India. • In the face of war elephants, the soldiers refused to go on. • Died of a sudden fever. • Or might have been poison.

  18. Legacy • Hellenistic Era • Western and Eastern cultures combine. • People assimilate into the Greek/Macedonian way of life. • Builds new cities: Alexandria has a famous library. • Thousands of scrolls were destroyed by fire. We will never know what kind of knowledge was lost.

  19. Military Advancements of the Greeks • 1. Phalanx • A unit of soldiers who marched into battle with overlapping shields and spears. • 2. Use of Hoplites • Heavily armored middle class citizen soldiers • 3. Siege Technology • Equipment to launch projectiles over the city walls. • 4. Trireme • Boat with three rows of oars. Fast and agile.

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