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13 Temperature and Ideal Gases

Explore thermal equilibrium, temperature scales, ideal gases, and thermal expansion in this educational text. Learn about gas thermometers, constant pressure, and thermal expansion scales. Find answers to common problems related to ideal gases.

dylan-franks
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13 Temperature and Ideal Gases

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  1. 13 Temperature and Ideal Gases • Homework: • Problems: 1, 7, 41. • Thermal Equilibrium • Temperature Scales • Ideal Gases • Thermal Expansion

  2. Temperature T ~ avg. KE/molecule Thermal Expansion Scales: Kelvin, K C° = K – 273 F° = (9/5)C° + 32 2

  3. Thermal Equilibrium • Heat flows from hotter object to cooler object. • When the heat flow ceases the objects are in thermal equilibrium. • Objects in thermal equilibrium are at the same temperature. • /

  4. Ideal Gas

  5. Gas Thermometer • PV ~ NT • P ~ T (V, N constant) • Gas cools, • avg. KE  0, • (absolute zero), • P  0, • ≈ -273 °C

  6. Constant Pressure • What % increase in V occurs for an ideal gas heated from 20C to 40C? (V ~ T) • (It does not double, b/c C is not a thermodynamic temperature scale) • V2/V1 = T2/T1 = (273+40)/(273+20) = 1.068 • 6.8% increase in volume.

  7. Linear Thermal Expansion DL = a LoDT Example: 100C increase in Aluminum causes a fractional increase in length of 0.0024 = 0.24% change.

  8. Bi-Metallic Strips

  9. Summary • Thermal Equilibrium • Temperature Scales • Ideal Gases • Thermal Expansion

  10. Water Expansion Expansion from 4°Cto 100°C (normal) Contraction from 0°C to 4°C. (anomalous, transient ice melting) 10 10

  11. 11 11

  12. Superheating Mythbusters 12 12

  13. Ideal Gases • N molecules (few intermolecular collisions) • v = average speed • P due to wall-collisions (P ~ Nv/t) • t = time between same-wall collision

  14. Ideal gas pressure

  15. Ideal Gas Law

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