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Intimate Partner Violence & Methamphetamine

Intimate Partner Violence & Methamphetamine. Claudia J. Wilcox, CADC II Policy & Program Development Specialists April 27, 2007. Methamphetamine. Is a Powerful Central Nervous System Stimulant.

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Intimate Partner Violence & Methamphetamine

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  1. Intimate Partner Violence & Methamphetamine Claudia J. Wilcox, CADC II Policy & Program Development Specialists April 27, 2007

  2. Methamphetamine Is a Powerful Central Nervous System Stimulant

  3. Meth causes the release of dopamine in the pleasure and reward pathway of the brain at significantly higher levels than virtually all other drugs of abuse.

  4. The one and only thing… Marijuana Alcohol Heroin Cocaine Crack Nicotine Caffeine Eric Martin, M.A., CADC III

  5. FOOD SEX 200 200 NAc shell 150 150 DA Concentration (% Baseline) 100 100 15 % of Basal DA Output 10 Empty Copulation Frequency 50 Box Feeding 5 0 0 Scr Scr Scr Scr 0 60 120 180 Bas Female 1 Present Female 2 Present Mounts Time (min) Sample Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Intromissions Ejaculations Source: Di Chiara et al. Source: Fiorino and Phillips Natural Rewards Elevate Dopamine Levels 200 150

  6. Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Levels COCAINE AMPHETAMINE Accumbens 1100 Accumbens 400 1000 900 DA 800 DA 300 DOPAC 700 DOPAC % of Basal Release HVA HVA 600 % of Basal Release 500 200 400 300 100 200 100 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 hr Time After Amphetamine Time After Cocaine MORPHINE NICOTINE 250 Accumbens 250 Dose (mg/kg) 200 Accumbens 0.5 200 Caudate 1.0 2.5 % of Basal Release 150 % of Basal Release 10 150 100 0 1 2 3 hr 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 hr 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5hr Time After Nicotine Time After Morphine Source: Di Chiara and Imperato 340 1050 225 200 Sustained

  7. Methamphetamine • Increases autonomic functions, (heart rate, body temperature, breathing) • Causes damage to the brain, Frontal Lobe (memory, judgment, impulse control) • Depletes serotonin which is a mood stabilizer, (anxiety, depression & aggression)

  8. Impulse control Judgment Language Working memory Problem solving Sexual behavior Socialization Motor function Function of Frontal Lobe

  9. Crime increases during the last three years • The Meth Epidemic in America, July 2005 NACo • 87% of counties report an increase of methamphetamine related arrests in the past three years. • Oregon, Washington, Utah, California, Nevada and Arizona are some of the states reporting such increases.

  10. Seventy Percent of the Responding Officials say…

  11. Abuse and Violence History of Men and Women in Treatment for Methamphetamine Dependence • CSAT Methamphetamine Treatment Program 1999-2001 • Largest Randomized Clinical Trail of Meth-dependent persons • To help clarify the limited understanding of treatment seeking methamphetamine dependent persons.

  12. Reporting of abuse and violence was extensive • 80 % of women reported abuse or violence from an intimate partner • 40 % of Men reported experiencing violence from friends or others • A high percentage of both reported threatening or coercive experiences with their partners.

  13. A history of 57.6 % of women reported sexual abuse and violence • A history of 15.7% of men reported sexual abuse and violence • Women were more likely than men to report a history of sexual abuse from each of the categories in the chart on the following slides.

  14. Reported History of Sexual Abuse or ViolenceWere you ever forced to have sex?

  15. Physical Violence Reportedby Source of ViolenceViolence Reported “Ever”

  16. Women vs Men with History of Abuse Women • 70 % Any Abuse • 21% Physical Abuse only • 8% Sexual only • 40% Both Sexual & Physical

  17. MEN • 29 % Any Abuse • 20 % Physical Abuse only • 2.5% Sexual Abuse only • 7 % Sexual & Physical Abuse

  18. High Prevalence Population • Substance Abusers • Persistent Physical problems • Persistent Psychological problems

  19. RECOMMENDATIONS • Need to provide thorough assessments • Identify Co-Occurring Disorders • Implement Integrated Tx • Data Collection • Treat the Trauma by Use of Evidence Based Practices

  20. Evidence Based Practices • Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) • Seeking Safety • Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocess (EMDR) • http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/mentalhealth/ebp/practices.shtml

  21. Thank You • Questions or Comments Claudia J. Wilcox, CADC II Department of Human Services Policy & Program Development Specialist Addictions & Mental Health Division (503)945-5765 Claudia.j.wilcox@state.or.us

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