1. Policy Process and Policy Analysis Prof. HeruSubiyantoro, Ph.D. Sekretaris Ditjen. Perimbangan Keuangan– DepartemenKeuangan E-mail: herusubiyantoro@depkeu.go.id herusubiyantoro@gmail.com Handouts kuliah Program PascaSarjana Magister Perencanaan & KebijakanPublik FakultasEkonomi - Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Juni 2008

2. Reference: Birkland, Thomas A. (2001): An Introduction to the Policy Process: Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making Lester, James P. and Joseph Steward Jr. (2000, 2nd. Ed): Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach Weimer, David L. and Aidan R Vining (2005, 4th.ed): Policy Analysis: Concept and Practice

3. Table 2.1 Policy Analysis in Perspective

4. Table 3.1 Three Views on the Appropriate Role of the Policy Analyst

5. Figure 31 Alternative Responses to Value Conflicts

10. The Nature of Public PolicyLester, James P.(2000, 2nd Edition): Public Policy: an evolunitonary approach • Every day, national and local newspaper carry stories that raise important public policies • As society becomes increasingly interdependent and mobile (due to changes in transportation and communication), people will need to be even more knowledgeable about public policy issues

11. What is Public Policy and Policy Analysis? • Public Policy: • Thomas R. Dye: “what government do, why they do it, and what difference it makes” • Harold Lasswell: “a projected program of goals, values, and practices” • David Easton: “the impact of government activity” • Austin Ranney: “a selected line of action or a declaration of intent” • James Anderson: “a purposive course of action followed by an actor or set of actors in dealing with a problem or matter of concern” • The special characteristic of public policy: it is formulated, implemented, and evaluated by authorities in a political system • Public policies are always subject to change on the basis of new (or better) information about their effects

12. What is Public Policy and Policy Analysis? • Policy Analysis: • Thomas R. Dye: the description and explanation of the causes and consequences of government activity (the primary concern are explanation and prescription) • Grover Starling: an interdisciplinary effort to facilitate the reaching of sound policy decision • Garry Brewer and Peter DeLeon: an attempt to provide suggestion to decision makers • Clearly, the difference of opinion exists about the purposes of policy analysis, ranging from scientific to the practical

13. What is Policy Cycle? • Public Policymaking is often viewed as a “conveyor belt”, in which issues are first recognized: • A problem • Alternative courses of action are considered • Evaluated • Changed • Terminated

14. The Policy Cycle A PROBLEM FOR GOVERNMENT Stage 6: Policy Termination Stage 1: Agenda Setting Stage 5: Policy Change Stage 2: Policy Formulation Stage 4: Policy Evaluation Stage 3: Policy Implementation

15. Approaches to Policy Analysis • The process approach (e.g. agenda setting, policy implementation) • The substantive approach (e.g. environmental policy) • The logical-positivist approach (behavioral approach or scientific approach) • The econometric approach (public choice approach or the political economic approach) • The phenomenological (or naturalistic or post-positivist approach) • The participatory approach • The normative or prescriptive approach • The ideological approach • The historical approach

16. Dubnick and Bardes’s Approaches to Policy Analysis

17. On Becoming a Better Policy Scientist(Y. Dror; “On Becoming a Better Policy Scientist,” Policy Study Review 4 (August 1984), pp. 13-21) • Gain historical and comparative perspective • Know policymaking realities • Study your own society in depth • Take up grand and diverse policy issues • Move into metapolicymaking • Build up an appropriate philosophy of knowledge and action • Broaden one’s methodology and experience • Multiply your disciplinary bases • Be careful about professional ethics

18. On Becoming a Better Policy Scientist(Y. Dror; “On Becoming a Better Policy Scientist,” Policy Study Review 4 (August 1984), pp. 13-21) • Gain historical and comparative perspective • Know policymaking realities • Study your own society in depth • Take up grand and diverse policy issues • Move into metapolicymaking • Build up an appropriate philosophy of knowledge and action • Broaden one’s methodology and experience • Multiply your disciplinary bases • Be careful about professional ethics

19. Model AdministrasiKebijakanPublikHeruSubiyantoro