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Vowels: other considerations

Vowels: other considerations. Diphthongs ATR Rhoticity Length. Diphthongs. Two-vowel sequence. [oi]. [ij] and [uw]. [ai]. [ei] and [ou]. [au]. Diphthongs. Make up one syllable “naïve” and “knife” “employ” and “employee”. Diphthongs. ATR. Advanced tongue root

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Vowels: other considerations

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  1. Vowels: other considerations • Diphthongs • ATR • Rhoticity • Length

  2. Diphthongs • Two-vowel sequence [oi] [ij] and [uw] [ai] [ei] and [ou] [au]

  3. Diphthongs • Make up one syllable • “naïve” and “knife” • “employ” and “employee”

  4. Diphthongs

  5. ATR • Advanced tongue root • Tongue root is more forward • Larynx is lowered  pharynx is enlarged

  6. ATR • ATR in Igbo • Examples from Akan (Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996)

  7. Rhoticity

  8. Rhoticity • Rhoticized means “r-colored” • “bird” “park” “fur” “assert” • Different articulations • Tongue tip raised (like retroflex) • Tongue tip lowered with tongue body bunched up

  9. Rhoticity • Six different English speakers showing the “bunched up” style (Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996)

  10. Rhoticity

  11. Length • Arabic, Vietnamese, Hindi, German… Mixe

  12. Vowel inventory • Five- and seven-vowel systems are most common Spanish Yiddish Italian

  13. Vowel inventory • Some languages have many more French (plus nasals) English (plus diphthongs)

  14. Vowels and orthography • No vowel indication • Semitic languages • Auxiliary vowel indication • (the same) Semitic languages • Inherent vowel indication • Indian languages • Independent vowel indication • English

  15. No or auxiliary vowel indication • Vn thgh ths sntnc hs n vwls y cn stll ndrstnd wht t sys

  16. Inherent vowel indication • Each grapheme includes a vowel (usually schwa) • Gujarati

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