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European Claims in Sub-Saharan Africa

Explore the competition for West Africa between European nations, the discovery of Dr. David Livingstone by Henry Stanley, the brutal colonization of the Congo, the impact of imperialism on Africa, and more.

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European Claims in Sub-Saharan Africa

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  1. European Claims in Sub-Saharan AfricaChapter 17 Section 3

  2. Competition for West Africa • In the past: major center of slave trade. • Now: used for trading things like palm oil, feathers, ivory, rubber…etc. • West Africans – strongly resisted imperialist nations.

  3. Early 1900’s • France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, and Portugal own most of West Africa. • Liberia – only independent colony in West Africa • U.S. helped them stay independent.

  4. Livingstone and Stanley • Dr. David Livingstone – Scottish medical missionary. • Missing in Central Africa for 5 years. • Henry Stanley – American journalist • Hired by New York Herald to find Livingstone

  5. Livingstone and Stanley (cont.) • In 1871, Stanley found Livingstone • Uttered greeting that became famous around the world, “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” • Wrote about search and good land to explore.

  6. The Congo • King Leopold II of Belgium listened to Stanley • Private colony ~1 million sq. miles • Treated them very poorly • Slave labor for rubber production • OUTRAGE from other countries – led to Belgian Congo 1908

  7. East African Colonization • Drought led to famine • Imported cattle brought illness to African cattle, by 1890 most of the cattle had died • Africans were too weak to resist

  8. Southern Africa • Cape Colony – South Africa • Used by Dutch as supply station • Early 1800’s seized by British • 14,000 farmers, resent the British – Known as the Boers (ancestors of Dutch settlers)

  9. Berlin Conference • 1884 – European leaders met • Resolve conflicts over African colonies • Africans have no say • Divided colonies amongst themselves

  10. Berlin Conference • 1884 – 1885: 12 European nations, U.S. and Ottoman Empire meet (no African reps) • Decisions: • Free trade on Congo & Niger Rivers • Had to gain control of colony before claiming it • No arms sales to Africans

  11. Effects of Imperialism on Africa • Paternalism – treated colonies like “children” • Believed Africans could not rule themselves, controlled all aspects of their lives. • New crops, inventions, techniques, medicine, roads, communication. • Assimilation never happened; passive resistance instead.

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