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Mark Weal

Auld Linky and the AKT - EQUATOR Bridge. Mark Weal. Auld Linky. Auld Linky (Leaky) is a contextual structure (link) server Serves FOHM structures Uses XML representations of linkbases Query via pattern matching Results are filtered by context. FOHM Navigational Structure. Context.

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Mark Weal

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  1. Auld Linky and the AKT - EQUATOR Bridge Mark Weal

  2. Auld Linky • Auld Linky (Leaky) is a contextual structure (link) server • Serves FOHM structures • Uses XML representations of linkbases • Query via pattern matching • Results are filtered by context

  3. FOHM Navigational Structure

  4. Context • Context objects can be attached at any point on the FOHM structure • They are simple lists of key/value pairs • A Context Object can also be attached to a query

  5. Link SRC DEST DEST DEST

  6. Link SRC DEST DEST DEST

  7. Link SRC DEST DEST DEST

  8. Link SRC DEST

  9. Applications : Glasgow Servlet • Generates a dynamic document about the History of Glasgow • Based on user interests (e.g. Government, Culture) • Inspired by the beginning of Vee’s trip to Glasgow

  10. Applications : Glasgow Servlet Tour (list) 1 2 3 LoD (list) LoD (list) LoD (list) 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 text text text text text text text text

  11. Applications : Glasgow Servlet Tour (list) 1 2 3 LoD (list) LoD (list) LoD (list) 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 text text text text text text text text

  12. Applications : Glasgow Servlet Tour (list) 1 2 3 LoD (list) LoD (list) LoD (list) 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 text text text text text text text text

  13. Applications : Glasgow Servlet Tour (list) 1 2 3 LoD (list) LoD (list) LoD (list) 1 2 1 3 text text text text

  14. Applications : Glasgow Servlet Tour (list) 1 2 3 LoD (list) LoD (list) LoD (list) 1 2 1 3 text text text text

  15. Applications : City Project • Linky is being used to store the information behind the City Project • Using three structures : • Explanations • Transitions • Tours • Use Glasgow’s Recer to recommend transitions (goal driven vs. narrative smoothing)

  16. Applications : City Project

  17. Problem is that the story structure is static The narrative is determined by a fixed tour of alternative fragments Tells the same story in different ways Narrative needs to be more dynamic Telling different stories in different ways Applications : Short Story Engine

  18. Applications : Short Story Engine • CGI based Hypertext Story Engine • Constructs short stories for the reader on the fly • It maintains a user profile, in the form of a context, that it uses to find the next appropriate story fragment • Readers move through the story with their context being modified by what they read. • Thus we enable some form of narrative structure over otherwise loosely coupled story fragments

  19. Short Story Structures

  20. Link Link Link Link Link Link SRC SRC SRC SRC SRC SRC DEST DEST DEST DEST DEST DEST Story Story Story Story Story Story Fragment Fragment Fragment Fragment Fragment Fragment

  21. Link Link SRC DEST SRC DEST Link SRC DEST Story Fragment Story Fragment Story Fragment Link SRC DEST Link Link Story SRC DEST Fragment SRC DEST Story Story Fragment Fragment

  22. Link Link SRC DEST SRC DEST Link SRC DEST Story Fragment Story Fragment Story Fragment Link SRC DEST Link Link Story SRC DEST Fragment SRC DEST Story Story Fragment Fragment

  23. Link SRC DEST Link SRC DEST Story Fragment Story Fragment Link SRC DEST Story Fragment

  24. On the Bridge Dave in Hawaii

  25. Southampton Aberdeen Edinburgh Open University Sheffield

  26. The Knowledge Lifecycle

  27. Why the synergy? • Philosophically - Knowledge representation is part of the digital world & knowledge capture crosses the physical-digital divide • Practically - Equator activities have metadata and knowledge requirements, e.g. • recording a trail • capturing data from Cliff’s devices • annotation • expressing context • modelling users’ interests • interoperability of system components • AKT is conducting Technology Integration Experiments

  28. The O-Word • There is a role for ontologies, for • Interoperability • Ontologies provide shared vocabularies necessary for common understanding (of content, events, services, profiles, …) • Inference • Ontologies can include axioms/rules, which enable inference • AKT has expertise in all aspects of ontologies and the tools for working with them

  29. Bridge construction • Dave and Wendy are members of both projects, Richard Beales is jointly supervised PhD student • Monthly joint ‘Equaktor’ research discussions plus additional meetings for projects on the bridge • Has resulted in three research activities: • Artequakt • Knowledgeable Devices • CoAKTing • Also cofunded visit by Ted Nelson

  30. ARTEQUAKT • ARTiste, EQUator, AKT • Artiste – European project on an integrated art analysis and navigation environment • Advanced Knowledge Technologies – IRC on building and maintaining knowledge

  31. ARTEQUAKT • Artiste provides a large store of images and associated metadata • AKT meta-data mines the web and dynamically fills ontologies of information about the images • Equator processes those ontologies, creating dynamic narratives about the paintings (initially we are working on artists’ biographies)

  32. What is a Narrative? Narrative Story Fabula

  33. What is a Narrative? Narrative Narrative Story Story Fabula

  34. What is a Narrative? Narrative Narrative Narrative Narrative Story Story Fabula

  35. HTML Template Ontology What is a Narrative? Narrative Narrative Narrative Narrative Story Story Fabula Implementation

  36. Templates • Specified as XML FOHM structures • Story fragments are stored as queries into the ontology • Some have original stored sentences, others need to have sentences constructed using NL techniques • Each story ‘section’ (e.g. Introduction) has several forms according to the information in the ontology

  37. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2

  38. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Paragraph with DOB and Place Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was born on July 15, 1606, in Leiden, the Netherlands. His father was a miller who wanted the boy to follow a learned profession, but Rembrandt left the University of Leiden to study painting. Sequence 1 2 Best option is to have one paragraph that contains both pieces of information LoD LoD 1 2 1 2

  39. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Otherwise need a sequence of two fragments. This first one deals with date of birth Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2

  40. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Otherwise need a sequence of two fragments. This first one deals with date of birth Best option here is to have a paragraph containing the date of birth Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2 Paragraph with DOB The greatest artist of the Dutch school, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, was born on July 15, 1606.

  41. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Otherwise need a sequence of two fragments. This first one deals with date of birth Otherwise need to construct the sentence out of raw facts Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2 DOB Constructed sentence: Rembrandt was born on July 15, 1606.

  42. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Otherwise need a sequence of two fragments. This second one deals with place of birth Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2

  43. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Otherwise need a sequence of two fragments. This second one deals with place of birth Best option here is to have a paragraph containing the place of birth Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2 Paragraph with Place He was born in Leiden, the Netherlands and went on to become a giant in the history of art.

  44. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Otherwise need a sequence of two fragments. This second one deals with place of birth Otherwise need to construct the sentence out of raw facts Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2 Place Constructed sentence: Rembrandt was born in Leiden, the Netherlands .

  45. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Now when we query the template with a profile saying what information we have, the parts of the template that are impossible to build are culled… Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2

  46. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Now when we query the template with a profile saying what information we have, the parts of the template that are impossible to build are culled… Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2

  47. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 1 2 Now when we query the template with a profile saying what information we have, the parts of the template that are impossible to build are culled… Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 1 2 1 2

  48. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 2 Now when we query the template with a profile saying what information we have, the parts of the template that are impossible to build are culled…resulting in a finished sequence of sentences: Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 2 1

  49. Intro paragraph : DOB + place Level of Detail (LoD) 2 Now when we query the template with a profile saying what information we have, the parts of the template that are impossible to build are culled…resulting in a finished sequence of sentences: Sequence 1 2 LoD LoD 2 1 Constructed sentence: Rembrandt was born on July 15, 1606. He was born in Leiden, the Netherlands and went on to become a giant in the history of art.

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