The Cold War and the Collapse of the Soviet Union

1. The Cold War and the Collapse of the Soviet Union Unit 11

2. Resources For Unit 11 • Workbook • p. 249-256 (7-6.1 old standard) • p. 257-268 (7-6.2 old standard) • p. 305-315 (7-7.1 old standard) • Textbook • p. 831-841 • p. 847-849 • p. 880-886 • What Every Student Should Know (online)

3. Video Review Quiz Word Bank • Berlin Airlift • Berlin Blockade • Chiang Kai-shek • containment • “iron curtain” • Mao Zedong • Marshall Plan • NATO • Truman Doctrine • Warsaw Pact

4. Cold War Questions (p. 249-256) • What plans were made at the Yalta Conference and who took part? • Define satellite nation and give examples. (251) • How are containment and the Truman Doctrine related? How were they used? (251) • How did the Marshall Plan hope to revive Europe following World War II? (251) • What happened during the Berlin Blockade? (252) • What was NATO and how was it related to the Truman Doctrine? How did the USSR respond? (253) • What was the purpose of the European Economic Community (EEC)? (254)

5. What did Winston Churchill use the phrase “behind the iron curtain” to describe? (257) • What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall and what did it symbolize (check the 7-7.1 section also)? (252) • Who was Mao Zedong and why was he successful in gaining popularity in China? (260-261) • Who was Chiang Kai-shek and why did he fail as leader in China? • Describe the Korean War. (Who fought who? When did they fight? How did it end?) (262-263) • How are the following related to the Vietnam War? (263-265) • Ho Chi Minh • Ngo Dinh Diem • 17th parallel • Domino Theory • How did the conflict in Vietnam end? How were neighboring countries affected? (263-265) • Who was Fidel Castro? (265-266) • What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? (265-266) • What was the arms race? • What was the space race? What were the key events of the space race? How can it be said that the United States won the space race? (259)

6. Key Terms • Brezhnev Doctrine – Soviet policy that declared that any weakening of communism anywhere in the world would directly affect all other communist countries and the Soviets would thus become involved militarily • détente – a policy of relaxed tensions and an acceptance that communism and freedom (democracy) must coexist • Richard M. Nixon – president of the United States who created the policy of détente to hopefully avoid a nuclear war

7. Key Terms • Ronald Reagan – president of the United States that thought communism should be defeated and not just contained or accepted and the man whose policies won the Cold War • Star Wars – nickname given to Ronald Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) that was a plan to use satellite technology to shoot down incoming missiles

8. Who was Leonid Brezhnev? What was Brezhnev Doctrine? What was détente? • What reforms did Mikhail Gorbachev bring to the Soviet Union? What were the results? (308-310) • Who was Ronald Reagan? What was SDI? • What led to the breakup of the Soviet Union? • Who was Boris Yeltsin? (311) • What was the Commonwealth of Independent States and why is it significant? • What was Yeltsin’s “shock therapy”? What were the results? (312) • What was Solidarity? Who was Lech Walesa? How did the Poles react to his leadership? What were the results? (310-311) • Describe the rise and fall of communism in Czechoslovakia. • Describe communism in Yugoslavia. Who was Tito? What happened during the breakup of Yugoslavia? How did it’s split compare to Czechoslovakia? Who was Slobodan Milosevic? • What was the EU? What was NAFTA? How are the two similar?

13. United Kingdom – $3.297 B • France – $2.296 B • Germany - $1.448 B • Italy - $1.204 B • Netherlands - $1.128 B • Belgium and Luxembourg - $777 M

14. Divided Berlin

15. The Berlin Blockade The only three permissable air corridors into Berlin.

21. NATO vs. Warsaw Pact ca. 1973

23. EEC 1957-1993

37. Describe the Korean War. (Who fought who? When did they fight? How did it end?) • following World War II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel (38° N latitude) • the Soviet Union established a communist government in North Korea while the United States established a noncommunist government in South Korea • war started when the North invaded the South • the Soviets assisted the North Koreans with money and weapons and the Chinese sent 300,000 troops to fight • the United States and the United Nations sent troops to help the South Koreans • the war lasted from 1950-1953 and ended with a cease-fire • the two countries were still divided (and are to this day) at the 38th parallel, which became a demilitarized zone

38. How did the conflict in Vietnam end? How were neighboring countries affected? • during the mid-1960s, American troops were sent by President Lyndon Johnson to help fight the communist North Vietnamese • they also fought communists from South Vietnam called the Vietcong • the North used guerilla warfare and the government of South Vietnam did not have support of the people • in 1973, America withdrew from Vietnam in defeat and in 1975, North and South Vietnam were reunited under communist rule • two of Vietnam’s neighbors, Laos and Cambodia also fell to communism

39. Communism in Czechoslovakia • communism came to Czechoslovakia in February 1948 as a result of Soviet influence • country was a two-state federation made up of Czechs and Slovaks • problems arose due to lack of cooperation between the two groups • communist rule was able to suppress these differences until communism collapsed in November 1989 • in 1993, the country was split into two separate countries – the Czech Republic and Slovakia

40. Communism in Yugoslavia • in January of 1946, communism officially came to Yugoslavia under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito • Tito was able to suppress democratic movements until his death in 1980 when challenges to communist rule began to increase • in 1990, because of growing nationalism, different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia began to try to break away from the country • calls for democratic reforms were met with extreme violence by communist supporters

41. Communism in Yugoslavia • in June of 1991, communism in Yugoslavia collapsed as the country broke apart into new countries split along ethnic lines • in the country of Serbia and Montenegro, ethnic cleansing (the brutal removal of one ethnic group from an area) and other atrocities occurred under the leadership of Slobodan Milosevic • in 2001, Milosevic surrendered and was arrested, charged with crimes against humanity, and imprisoned until his death in 2006 • in 2006, Serbia and Montenegro split into two countries • ethnic violence continued in the Serbian province of Kosovo • in 2008, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia

42. The European Union • replaced the EEC in 1993 • sought to continue lowering trade restrictions • wanted to create a “single market” in Europe by having countries cooperate economically • created a new currency – the Euro • many former communist countries have now joined the EU (27 total members) • NAFTA – North American Free Trade Agreement – created free trade zone in North America between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada