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The Collapse of the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)

The Collapse of the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.). Problems/Crises that led to the collapse Ch 19.5 CST 10.9.7. By 1985 Soviet society had stopped growing as a result of totalitarian policies banning political dissent. RESPONSES:

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The Collapse of the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.)

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  1. The Collapse of the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) Problems/Crises that led to the collapse Ch 19.5 CST 10.9.7

  2. By 1985 Soviet society had stopped growing as a result of totalitarian policies banning political dissent. • RESPONSES: • Gorbachev initiated Glasnost to encourage a free flow of ideas and information (refer to chart)

  3. By 1986 the Soviet economy was inefficient and unproductive. • RESPONSES: • Gorbachev introduced perestroika, giving managers more authority over their farms and factories and allowing for creation of small private businesses.

  4. The Soviet-U.S. arms race had become too costly. • RESPONSES: President Ronald Reagan (U.S.) and Mikhail Gorbachev (U.S.S.R.) signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) in December 1987 • The treaty banned nuclear missles with ranges of 300 to 3,400 miles.

  5. Mikhail Gorbachev & President Reagan

  6. RESPONSES: Hard-liners demanded Gorbachev’s resignation Protesters appealed to Boris Yeltsin to oppose the coup Yeltsin mobilized support against the coup Troops refused to obey hard-liners The coup failed and Gorbachev returned to Moscow. In August 1991, hard-liners staged a coup against Gorbachev.

  7. August Coup 1991

  8. Yeltsin meets the crowds

  9. By early December, 1991, the U.S.S.R broke up. • RESPONSES: (Look at the map) • After the coup, Estonia and Latvia declared their independence. • Other republics soon followed. • Yeltsin met with the leaders of the republics to “chart a new course.” • The remaining republics formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

  10. Commonwealth of Independent States

  11. 1992-1994 The Russian economy under Boris Yeltsin was ailing. • RESPONSES: Yeltsin adopted “shock therapy” to deal with the suffering Russian economy • It involved an abrupt shift to free-market economics • He lowered trade barriers • Removed price controls • Ended subsidies to state industries.

  12. In 1991, Chechnya declared its independence. • RESPONSES: • Yeltsin denied Chechnya’s right to secede • He ordered Russian troops into Cechnya • Despite a cease fire, the fighting flared up again and Yeltsin resigned as the fighting raged. • Vladimir Putin attempted to deal forcefully with the rebellion. • The fighting continues to date.

  13. Vladimir Putin

  14. Chechnya at war

  15. May 7, 2008 • Demitry Medvedev was sworn in as the new, handpicked president of Russia. • Vladimir Putin was sworn in May 7 as the Prime Minister • They will rule Russia together • A repressive regime increasingly unfriendly to the United States and Western powers.

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