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Mastering Participle Clauses: Enhancing Sentences with Action and Description

This lesson focuses on forming and utilizing participle clauses to enhance sentence structure. By starting with a participle derived from the fourth principal part, you can modify nouns and add extra actions to your sentences. Examples such as "The wounded soldier fled from the enemies" show how participles function as both verbs and adjectives. We explore methods to translate participle clauses into complete sentences, using relative, time, and causal words, enhancing clarity and depth in your writing.

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Mastering Participle Clauses: Enhancing Sentences with Action and Description

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  1. Participles Forming Clauses Lesson XLIII p. 294

  2. Start with a participle from the 4th PP… • Vulneratus • Cupitus • Amissus

  3. Use it to modify a noun: Ta-da! An adjective! • Miles vulneratus • Puercupitus • Regina amissa

  4. Then you can expand it to a clause! • The participle-clause ADDS AN EXTRA ACTION TO THE SENTENCE. That means it functions as a VERB. • But it also MODIFIES A NOUN. So it functions as an ADJECTIVE.

  5. Participle Clauses • Miles vulneratusabinimicis fugit. • The wounded soldier fled from the enemies. • Having been wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies. • Because he had been wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies. • After being wounded, the soldier fled from the enemies • Et cetera!

  6. Participle Clauses • Multaepuellaepuerumcupitumpetiverunt. • Many girls sought the desired boy. • Many girls sought the boy whom they desired. • Many girls sought the boy because he was desired. • Many girls sought the boy who was desired.

  7. Participle Clauses • Nautaebonireginaeamissaeauxiliumsubmiserunt. • The good sailors supplied help to the lost queen. • The good sailors supplied help to the queen, who was lost. • The good sailors supply help to the queen because she was lost. • After the queen was lost, the good sailors supplied help to her.

  8. Ways to translate the participle clause • Start with the formula: “HAVING-BEEN-VERBED” • E.g. Regina amissa = “the having-been-lost queen” or “the lost queen” • Rephrase that in a manner that fits the whole sentence best. • Relative pronoun (who, which, that) • Time words (After, Once) • Causal words (Since, Because) • Adversative words (Although, If)

  9. Expanding to a sentence • Can you make a sentence out of these phrases? • Liberrelictus (book, having-been-abandoned) • Templuminventum (temple, having-been-found) • Puella visa (girl, having-been-seen)

  10. Expand *your* sentence • Get your poster from last week’s noun-participle activity • Expand your phrase to a sentence • Illustrate the whole sentence

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