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The New Deal: FDR's Response to the Great Depression

Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected in 1932, introduced the New Deal to combat the Great Depression. His policies focused on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. Highlights include the Emergency Banking Relief Act, the establishment of the FDIC, and significant legislation during the Hundred Days. FDR's innovative communication methods, like fireside chats, helped gain public support. His administration also featured prominent women, such as Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet member. Despite challenges like court rulings and deficit spending, the New Deal transformed American government and society.

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The New Deal: FDR's Response to the Great Depression

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  1. Hoover vs. Roosevelt No government regulation Expanded government Dull & Heartless Charismatic & Caring Republican Democrat Rugged Individualism New Deal Trickle Down Theory Immediate Relief

  2. FDR & The New Deal • Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President in 1932 and was inaugurated in March 1933. • The 20th amendment moved the inauguration date from March to January. • FDR proposed a “New Deal” for the American people. • New Deal: Program designed to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression that focused on: Relief for the needy, Economic Recovery, and Financial Reform

  3. FDR & The New Deal • FDR’s first act was to reform the banking industry. • Bank Holiday- March 5th, 1933. Closed all banks to prevent further withdrawals. • The Emergency Banking Relief Act was passed. Banks were inspected. Those in good shape re-opened. The rest remained closed. • Began “fireside chats” to address issues of public concern and explain New Deal policies.

  4. FDR & The New Deal • The Hundred Days – March 9th-June 16th 1933. Period of intense activity. More than 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation were passed. • Glass-Steagall Act –Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Provided federal insurance up to $5,000 for individual bank accounts. • Federal Securities Act (May 1933)- Required complete & accurate info on stock offerings and made companies liable for misrepresentations.

  5. FDR & The New Deal • Roosevelt pushed for the repeal of the 18th amendment • Persuaded Congress that allowing the manufacture & sale of alcohol would increase tax revenues. • One of the most notable changes during the New Deal was the naming of several women to important government positions. Prompted in part by his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt. • Frances Perkins- America’s first female cabinet member. Secretary of Labor. Played a major role in creating the Social Security system and supervised labor legislation.

  6. Problems • Deficit Spending- spending more money than the government receives in revenue. • Supreme Court declared some programs unconstitutional, such as the NIRA and AAA. • In response, FDR proposed what became known as the Court Packing Bill.

  7. Culture • Movies: Gone with the Wind, The Public Enemy, Wizard of Oz • Radio: War of the Worlds, The Lone Ranger • Music: Woody Guthrie • Writers: John Steinbeck- The Grapes of Wrath • Photographer: Dorothea Lange

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