Lecture: Compare & Contrast Hoover & Roosevelt

1. Lecture: Compare & Contrast Hoover & Roosevelt

2. US Presidents during Great Depression • Herbert Hoover- Was president for less than a year when the Great Depression occurred. Office- 1928-1932 • How will he handle the Great Depression? • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) • Followed Hoover as President. Office 1933-1945. 4 terms (died during 4th) • What does this say about him? • They both had very different approaches to how to handle the GD.

3. Pair-Share • If you were President during the Great Depression what strategies would you use to try to combat the Great Depression and help those in need?

4. Herbert Hoover1929-1933

5. Describe what you see • Who does the sign blame for their problems? • How does this make you feel towards Hoover?

6. Election of 1928Hoover (Republican) vs. Smith (Democrat) • Hoover: Pro-business, conservative, belief in the individual, advocate of small federal government, Protestant • Smith: Democrat, pro public health, workers’ compensation, civil liberties, government control of some industries, Catholic • Hoover won • voters believed prosperity of the 1920s was because of the Republican party

7. 6 months after election the stock market crashed = worst depression in American History

8. Hoover Struggles with the Depression • Philosophy: • Hoover opposed any form of federal welfare, or direct relief to the needy. • Handouts would weaken a person’s “moral fiber.” • Relief, he thought, should come from private organizations. • Hoover’s philosophy angered and frustrated many suffering Americans.

9. Hoover’s Radio Address on Unemployment Relief No governmental action, no economic doctrine, no economic plan or project can replace that God-imposed responsibility of the individual man and woman to their neighbors. That is a vital part of the very soul of the people. If we shall gain in this spirit from this painful time, we shall have created a greater and more glorious America. The trial of it is here now. It is a trial of the heart and conscience, of individual men and women. . . . (October 18, 1931) 1. Who does Hoover believe should help Americans during the Depression? 2. Why do you think he believes this? 3. What “painful time” is he talking about? 4. Imagine you are unemployed as a result of the Great Depression. 5. What are your feelings towards this statement?

10. Who did Hoover try to help? • By helping the wealthy and businesses, it was believed that financial health would trickle down to help people at the bottom • Known as Trickle Down Economics • This theory did not work. Businesses used the extra money to improve their businesses instead of helping the workers.

11. Who did Hoover try to help? • Reconstruction Finance Corporation • $2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, railroads and other large businesses. • Believed the $ would trickle-down to the average citizen through job growth and higher wages. • To little, to late

12. Anti-Hoover Sentiment • Americans grew more and more frustrated by the depression as time passed • Farmers burned their crops rather than sell it at a loss • As an insult to the president, shantytowns were dubbed “Hoovervilles, ” and newspapers that were used to keep warm were called “Hoover Blankets.” • Hoover, who was once seen as a humanitarian, was now seen as a cold and heartless leader.

13. The Bonus Army • In 1932, thousands of WWI veterans marched into Washington D.C. demanding their bonuses • The bonuses were not to be paid off until 1945, but they wanted their bonuses immediately • The Patman Bill would have given the army their bonuses immediately; it did not pass • Hoover decided to forcibly remove the war veterans by using tear gas • Many people were injured, several killed

14. Hoover’s Legacy • Hoover could not effectively deal with the Depression. • He was viewed as uncaring and unsympathetic towards the sufferings of Americans • This would eventually lead to his losing the election of 1932 to Franklin Delano Roosevelt

15. Election of 1932 • The Republicans re-nominated President Hoover as their candidate, yet they were aware they had little chance of winning. • The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, a two term governor of New York. • Roosevelt won the presidency by capturing nearly 23 million votes over Hoover 16 million votes.

16. Roosevelt won the election by a landslide

17. Franklin Delano Roosevelt1933-1945

18. The Rise of FDR • 1910 Senator • Assistant Secretary of the Navy • 1921 Stricken with Polio and became paralyzed • 1928 Governor of New York

19. The New Deal: What was it?

20. Roosevelt’s plan for fixing the Great Depression: “The New Deal” • Focus on helping Americans by offering the 3 R’s • Relief • Recovery • Reform

21. A political cartoon of the “forgotten man” shaking hands with FDR. The caption reads, “Yes, you remembered me.”

22. What is the difference between the idea of “Rugged Individualism” and the “Forgotten man” ?

23. Relief • The government will give direct help or relief to those who are suffering • May be food, clothing, shelter

24. Recovery • The government will provide jobs to help Americans recover from the Depression

25. Reform • The government will regulate (make rules) for business • No more laissez faire What is this?

26. The New Deal Plan set up • Emergency Banking Act- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- FDIC • Fed Emergency Relief Admin- FERA • Civil Works Administration (CWA) • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) • Public Works Admin (PWA) • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) • Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA) • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • Works Progress Administration (WPA) • Farm Security Admin (FSA) • Nationals Labor Relations Act • Fair Labor Standards Act 1938 • Social Security Act

27. Roosevelt’s Actions • Gave “Fireside Chats” to calm people over the depression • Hired the best thinkers/problem solvers to fix the Depression (Brain Trust)

28. Compare and Contrast