Sectional Differences

1. Sectional Differences 7.2

2. Objectives • Analyze why industrialization took root in the northern part of the United States. • Describe the impact of industrialization on the northern life. • Analyze the reason that agriculture and slavery became entrenched in the South.

3. Key Parts • The North Embraces Industry • Social Change In the North • Southern Agricultural Economy and Society

4. Introduction • Read Section 7.2 • Create a Venn diagram as shown on pg. 233 and compare and contrast the North and the South.

5. The North Embraces Victory • The embargo of 1807 and the War of 1812 cut off access to the British manufactured goods; thus the Americans began building their own factories to meet the needs of the citizens. • Congress imposed the Tariff of 1816 on imported goods, this would stimulate growth of American Industry. • The tariff increased the price of imported goods by an average of 20 to 25 percent.

6. Social Change in the North • Factories hurt highly skilled artisans such as blacksmiths, shoemakers, and tailors because of the low cost laborers. • The artisans worked to organize labor unions- groups of workers who unite to seek better pay and conditions. • Labor unions were ineffective during the early 1800s.

7. Middle Class Emerges • Industrialization hurt some working Americansbut helped others and created a middle class of Americans. • Higher than the laborers but lower than the wealthy business owners. • These were typically bankers, accountants, clerks, auctioneers, brokers and retailers. • They typically moved out of the cities into suburban areas.

8. Emigration From Ireland and Germany • There was a surge of immigrants in the 1830s and 1840s. • Roughly 4.9 million immigrants by 1850 came to America from Ireland and Germany. • The big push was due to political upheaval in Germany and a huge famine in Ireland. • Most were Catholic and worked on the docks and ports in the North.

9. Cont. • By 1860 immigrants comprised more than 40 percent of the population in New York City. • The immigrants caused issues in America because of their faith, hostility towards African Americans, and competed for jobs. • Most of the immigrants lived in slums in the cities.

10. Southern Agricultural Economy and Society • Cotton became the South’s leading crop. • From 5 million lbs in 1793 to 170 million lbs in 1820. • This surge of cotton growth increased the importance and need of slavery in the South. • By 1840 the South produced 60 percent of the cotton used by the United States and Great Britain. • Number of slaves went up to 4 million in 1860 from only 1.5 million in 1820.

11. Economic Consequences • The South became too dependent on cotton to make profit. Most years it paid off but some years cotton prices dropped and caused several plantations to go under. • Also their spread out population hurt their urban growth along with the general lack of education in the South. • Only one fourth of the white men in the South owned slaves and the ones who did had fewer than ten slaves. • There were only about 3,000 men that had 100 or more slaves.